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Back星宇股份解約應屆畢業生事件持續發酵,多家跨國車企介入調查
星宇股份解約應屆畢業生事件持續發酵,多家跨國車企介入調查
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BBC中文1 hour agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

星宇股份解約應屆畢業生事件持續發酵,多家跨國車企介入調查

Quick Look

常州星宇車燈股份有限公司在招聘440名應屆畢業生後,僅一個月即要求約談員工在主動離職領半月補償或調往生產線按實習普工薪資三個月之間二選一,導致107人被解除勞動合同。畢業生將證據發送給大眾、寶馬、奔馳等海外下游客戶,觸發跨國車企專項調查及港交所延緩上市審核。上海證券交易所亦下發監管工作函。事件引發網民對「告洋狀」行為的討論,並凸顯中國應屆畢業生在就業市場中的特殊脆弱性與勞工維權機制缺失。

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Why It Matters

星宇股份是中國最大的汽車照明產品供應商,2011年在上海證券交易所掛牌上市,擁有16個研發中心和12座工廠,與全球銷量前十的整車企業中的9家建立配套合作關係。

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常州星宇車燈股份有限公司解約逾百名應屆畢業生一事持續發酵。上海證券交易所9月9日向星宇股份下發監管工作函,香港交易所亦已延緩其上市審核程序。此前,星宇股份董事長周曉萍已就此事公開道歉。

事件源於今年7月,星宇股份招聘440名高校應屆畢業生,原定出任研發、技術及管理崗位。然而入職僅一個月後,公司便開始集中約談部分員工,要求他們在「主動離職、領取半月工資補償」與「調往生產一線、按實習普工薪資結算三個月」之間二選一。

遭約談的畢業生將錄音、合同、招聘材料等證據整理成冊,發送給星宇股份的下游客戶,包括大眾、寶馬、奔馳等跨國車企。目前,大眾中國與奔馳德國總部均已確認就此展開專項調查,港交所也已將相關投訴轉交個案處理。

由於事件轉折點正是應屆生向境外下游企業投訴,才促使各方迅速介入,中文互聯網網民將此類做法戲稱為「告洋狀」,即借助海外力量施壓,才能推動問題解決。這一說法也在網絡上引發了關於中國勞工權益保障體系的廣泛討論。

事件始末:從約談施壓到跨國介入

根據中國媒體此前報道,星宇股份人力部門在約談過程中,多次以「未來背景調查」等說辭向受影響的應屆生施壓。畢業生隨後將前後錄音、招聘信息及入職合同整理成上百頁證據文件,抄送星宇股份合作的多家海外車企,使一起勞資糾紛迅速演變為涉及ESG合規與海外客戶關係的多重危機。

公開資料顯示,星宇股份2011年2月在上海證券交易所掛牌上市,是中國最大的汽車照明產品供應商,在全球設有16個研發中心、12座工廠,與全球銷量前十的整車企業中的9家建立配套合作關係,客戶包括比亞迪、大眾、通用、豐田、奔馳等。

此前,港交所因用工合規問題延緩上市進程的案例並不罕見,今年7月剛遞交上市申請的星宇股份,如今也進入了這一流程。

8月31日,奔馳以「供應商的嚴重道德和勞動失當行為」為主題,直接回函投訴人,表示已將相關內容轉交內部專家及外部業務合作團隊進一步審查。

9月1日,大眾中國新聞發言人向《上海證券報》記者證實,公司已啟動針對星宇股份的投訴專項調查,並表示:「尊重勞動者合法權益,是大眾汽車集團開展所有經營活動恪守的核心原則,這一點同樣貫穿於我們供應鏈體系的管理之中。」

中國地方當局也開始行動。8月25日,常州市人社局調查確認,星宇股份共與107名應屆畢業生解除勞動合同,並認定企業在協商過程中「方法簡單生硬、缺乏充分有效溝通,造成不良影響」,其人力資源總監已被停職。

此後,星宇股份公開道歉,承諾向涉事畢業生發放3個月求職補助;若3個月內仍未能重新入職,將再給予6個月工資補償。

應屆生身分與勞工維權

這起事件暴露出兩個核心爭議:其一,直接受影響的應屆生權益應如何保護;其二,中國國內為何缺乏可以受理、糾正違規用工的組織機構。

在中國就業市場中,應屆畢業生身分具有特殊價值,它與考公、事業單位及國企央企校招、各地人才引進政策直接掛鉤,互聯網大廠招聘也往往給予應屆生更優厚的待遇。正因如此,不少學生在未能如願就業時,會選擇延畢以保留這一身份。

對於剛結束一個月培訓便被威脅解約或轉崗的星宇股份應屆生而言,失去工作意味著同時錯過秋季招聘、喪失應屆生身分、留下職業空白。在當前中國就業市場持續低迷的背景下,這幾項疊加的損失尤為沉重。

換言之,企業將自身招聘決策失誤的成本轉嫁給了畢業生。

7位向BBC中文匿名講述的中國勞動者,分別來自媒體、互聯網大廠及車企,他們表示,企業單方面毀約的案例近年時有發生,處理方式大同小異:給予少量補償,勞動者自認倒霉,事情往往便過去了。

星宇股份事件之所以走向不同結局,關鍵在於107名畢業生將完整證據鏈提交給了更重視合規的海外下游企業。這些跨國車企普遍執行供應商行為準則和嚴格的ESG(環境、社會及治理)指標,比如《歐盟市場禁止強迫勞動產品條例》。

一位曾在德勤負責中國企業出海業務的人士向BBC中文透露:「如何幫中國企業繞過、或美化數據以讓ESG達標,一直是我們比較頭疼的部分,企業會在審查時提前關燈、讓員工提早離開,营造『準時下班』的假象,但我們知道情況並非如此。」

「告洋狀」背後的輿論分歧

在中國社交媒體上,應屆生大規模向下游企業投訴的做法被稱為「告洋狀」,意指唯有讓境外知情,問題才有解決的可能。

在勞動力市場競爭激烈、企業用工壓力增大的背景下,剋扣工資、未依法繳納社保、拖欠薪酬、超時加班不予補償等情況並不少見。

比如,2023年,中國新能源汽車企業蔚來就曾被員工家屬曝出,一名員工半年內加班時長高達500小時、三次被送急診,公司人力部門僅將此形容為「自願行為」。

此次星宇股份事件經多家中國媒體集中報道多部門介入處分後,網民揶揄稱,「告洋狀挺好的,西藥就是快,中藥就是沒用」,亦有勞務中介發文稱將不再與星宇股份合作。

「這些年輕人幹得漂亮」澳大利亞國立大學經濟學系副教授沈凱玲得知事件始末後贊嘆道。

她向 BBC 中文指出,星宇股份在招聘時動機不良、後續解約手法粗暴,涉事畢業生的維權訴求合情合理,且始終在合法範圍內行事。

在她看來,這反映出中國年輕一代懂得在現行商業秩序中據理力爭,正在嘗試打破「靠壓榨勞動者維持優勢」的舊有模式,有潛力成為更公正規則的推動者。

「他們原本就是被虛假招聘信息欺騙的一方,如果經歷數十年寒窗苦讀後,面對如此粗暴的對待還要選擇逆來順受,那才是整個社會的可悲與可恥。」沈凱玲說。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 港交所將在未來數月內完成對星宇股份上市申請的審核,並可能要求其補充勞工合規說明

    Likely · Within months

  • 大眾中國與奔馳德國總部的專項調查將在未來6週內完成初步調查結果

    Possible · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 星宇股份是否會因此事件受到行政處罰?
  • 受影響的畢業生是否已收到承諾的求職補助?
  • 港交所是否會最終否決星宇股份的上市申請?
  • 跨國車企的調查是否會導致對星宇股份的供應合同終止?

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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