
民政部数据显示,截至今年上半年,全国城乡低保对象3935.4万人、特困人员493.7万人;享受困难残疾人生活补贴1202.7万人,重度残疾人护理补贴1687.1万人。《十四五》时期基本生活救助累计支出超1.38万亿元,城乡低保平均标准分别增长22.8%和25%。社会救助法施行后,政策更贴近群众生活,推动服务类社会救助发展,通过大数据预警和基层走访相结合,实现主动发现困难群众,及时提供物质和服务性帮助,残疾人补贴标准持续提升,社会救助体系越织越密。
AI-generated summary
我国社会救助体系持续完善,《十四五》时期基本生活救助累计支出超过1.38万亿元,城乡低保平均标准分别增长22.8%和25%。2024年7月1日,《中华人民共和国社会救助法》正式施行,推动救助由单一物质救助向“物质+服务”综合模式转变。
民政部发布统计数据显示,截至今年上半年,全国共有城乡低保对象3935.4万人、特困人员493.7万人;享受困难残疾人生活补贴1202.7万人,享受重度残疾人护理补贴1687.1万人。
“十四五”时期,全国基本生活救助累计支出超过1.38万亿元,城乡低保平均标准分别增长22.8%和25%。
数据背后,是一个个具体的人、一户户真实的家庭被越来越完善的社会救助体系托举。今年7月1日起,《中华人民共和国社会救助法》正式施行。及时发现困难、精准回应需求、兜住基本生活,接连出台的政策更加贴近群众具体生活,我国基本民生保障网正越织越密。
积极发展服务类社会救助
兜底保障更有力
广西壮族自治区北海市合浦县常乐镇,张善英(化名)住进了养老机构,每天有人照料起居,到了饭点有人送饭,身体不舒服也可及时得到照看。
不久前,张善英的丈夫突然去世,生活不能自理的她失去了依靠。因相关证件遗失,连申请救助都成了难题。常乐镇民政办工作人员得知消息后主动介入,联系公安部门补办户口簿、身份证,协调有关部门补办残疾人证、社保卡,再帮助核实家庭情况、办理救助申请。经审核,张善英被认定为特困人员。考虑到她生活不能自理、身边无人照料,当地协调送其到养老机构集中供养。
群众的难事,就是社会救助工作的大事。对失能、残疾、无人照料等特殊困难群众来说,困难往往不只是缺钱,谁来做饭、谁来照料、生活不能自理怎么办等,都是摆在眼前的难题。
近日,民政部、财政部印发《关于积极发展服务类社会救助的指导意见》,推动社会救助由单一物质救助方式向“物质+服务”综合救助模式转变,根据救助对象实际需求,提供照护、生活、关爱等服务。
“困难群众面对的难题很具体,有时缺的是生活费,有时缺的是一个能够在身边照料、陪伴的人。”上海交通大学教授祝建华说,积极发展服务类社会救助,不仅要让困难群众基本生活有保障,还要让他们心灵有依托、生活有盼头,“从保障基本温饱,到进一步回应日常照护、生活服务、心理慰藉、陪伴关爱和社会融入等实际需求,体现出我国社会救助更加关注困难群众的具体处境,通过链接资源、整合力量,提供更加多维的综合帮扶。”
“大数据+‘铁脚板’”及时干预
救助识别更主动
浙江省丽水市云和县元和街道民政助理员董星花打开浙江省大救助信息系统,一条大额医疗支出预警跳了出来。
原来,67岁的阙大叔此前申请过救助,因抗风险能力较弱,被纳入大救助信息系统动态监测。今年3月,阙大叔突发脑梗导致全身瘫痪,前期支出的医疗费用几乎耗尽积蓄,后续还有每月康复护理费等,已入不敷出。
看到预警,董星花马上打电话核实,找医院和阙大叔儿子问清情况后,通过系统“掌上代办”功能,帮助阙大叔一家申请了救助“一件事”联办。“你安心照顾父亲,剩下的我们来跑。”董星花对阙大叔儿子说。当天下午,低保申请便通过系统提交。15天后,阙大叔一家获批低保待遇,每月可领取1210元低保金,后续医疗费用也按当地政策获得相应保障。
今年以来,云和县通过系统预警,主动发现并纳入救助的类似家庭已有135户。
一个家庭陷入困难,有时就在一场重病、一次意外之后。过去,一些群众不了解政策、不知道找谁,或者急事缠身无暇提出申请,可能一时难以进入救助视野。如今,随着部门信息共享与基层走访排查衔接得更加紧密,低收入人口动态监测的作用进一步显现。社会救助法将最低生活保障边缘家庭、刚性支出困难家庭等纳入社会救助对象范围,并对加强低收入人口动态监测、主动发现困难群众等作出制度安排。
“‘政策找人’的价值,就在于把发现和救助的关口往前移。”祝建华说,数据可以帮助发现一个家庭可能出现的风险,但要真正知道这个家庭缺什么、难在哪里,还需要基层工作人员走进家门,“大数据发现线索,‘铁脚板’核实情况,两者结合,才能实现主动预防、早期干预,让救助既快又准,这也是社会救助发挥防风险功能的具体体现。”
民政部社会救助司相关负责同志表示,当前正进一步健全分层分类社会救助体系,通过部门数据共享与入户走访相结合,实现监测预警,及时发现因大额医疗支出、收入骤减等陷入困难的家庭,再根据困难程度和类型匹配相应救助政策。既让符合条件的困难群众“应保尽保”,也努力做到困难早发现、救助早介入。
补贴制度不断完善
残疾人保障更暖心
在山东省威海市文登区龙山街道李家汤后村,对因车祸瘫痪卧床20多年的王安康(化名)来说,护理垫、药品、营养品,每个月都是固定开销。2016年,王安康开始享受困难残疾人生活补贴和重度残疾人护理补贴,当时两项补贴都是每月80元。如今,按照当地标准,两项补贴分别提高到每月213元和192元。
“补贴月月准时到,心里踏实。”王安康说,这两笔钱基本能覆盖护理耗材和常用药的开销,对自己一家来说很重要。
“十四五”时期,残疾人两项补贴标准分别提高34.58%和25.09%。近年来,残疾人两项补贴制度不断完善,资格认定申请已实现“跨省通办”“全程网办”,相关部门不断加强数据共享和主动服务,让符合条件的残疾人更加方便地享受政策。
“随着残疾人两项补贴以及社会救助水平持续提升,残疾人基本生活已得到有效保障。与此同时,长期照护正成为许多残疾人家庭面临的现实难题,对重度残疾人家庭而言尤为突出。”中国人民大学教授杨立雄认为,要持续完善重度残疾人托养照护服务体系,在开展服务类社会救助过程中,把困难重度残疾人列为重点服务对象,精准施策,减轻残疾人家庭照护负担。
民政部社会事务司相关负责同志表示,困难残疾人生活补贴主要用于补助残疾人因残疾产生的额外生活支出,重度残疾人护理补贴主要用于补助残疾人因残疾产生的额外长期照护支出。下一步,将继续完善补贴标准动态调整机制,加强数据共享比对和主动服务,让符合条件的残疾人更加及时、便捷地享受政策。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
服务类社会救助将在全国范围内逐步铺开,重点覆盖失能、残疾、无人照料等特殊困难群众
Likely · Within months
残疾人两项补贴标准将继续动态调整,符合条件的残疾人将更及时、便捷地享受政策
Very likely · Within months
低收入人口动态监测系统将进一步完善,主动发现困难家庭的数量将持续增加
Likely · Within weeks

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