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Back標準二型飛彈22年僅實彈射6次 成本高與機密外洩是主因
標準二型飛彈22年僅實彈射6次 成本高與機密外洩是主因
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自由时报1 hour agoDefense2 min readChinaView translation

標準二型飛彈22年僅實彈射6次 成本高與機密外洩是主因

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台灣海軍自2004年採購292枚美製標準二型飛彈,但22年來僅實彈射擊6次,其中4次在美國進行。成本高昂(單枚約新台幣2800萬至上億元)、飛彈電子參數易被解放軍偵蒐,以及電腦模擬訓練可替代實射,是實射次數少的主因。海軍編列32.78億元採購備份組段以延壽飛彈,並研發國產海弓三型飛彈,但受限於新艦噸位不足。標二飛彈將在未來「台灣小神盾」成軍前繼續擔任中程防空重任。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

台灣海軍自2004年起採購292枚美製標準二型中程防空飛彈,主要裝備於基隆級驅逐艦,單枚成本高達新台幣2800萬至上億元,是海軍重要的海上防空武器。

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2005年10月6日,蘇澳軍艦在美國Norfolk海域進行標二飛彈的第一次試射,並且命中目標,也讓同在艦上的美軍軍官及技術代表對我國海軍官兵的素質予以肯定,當時的試射任務時,蘇澳軍艦上同時縣掛美國與我國國旗,可說是極為難得的畫面。(讀者提供)

〔記者羅添斌/台北報導〕台海局勢近年持續緊繃,我國海軍最強大的海上防空傘「基隆級驅逐艦」,其戰力核心是美製的標準二型防空飛彈,據指出,我國自2004年起,先後分兩個批次向美國總共採購了292枚標準二型中程防空飛彈,但22年來外界獲知的實彈射擊只有6次,其中4次更是在美國實彈射擊,在台射擊僅有2次,這也讓不少軍事迷和民眾感到好奇,如此高昂的戰備武器,為何平時總是「備而不用」?

這292枚標二飛彈目前全部配置在4艘基隆級驅逐艦上,單艦任務的最大攜行量可達68枚,若是4艘「基隆級驅逐艦」全部滿載標二飛彈,一輪就要攜行272枚。不過,高達160公里的超長射程,讓它在台海演練時面臨極大挑戰。在僅有的6次實彈射擊中,有4次是當初官兵赴美接艦訓練時,在美國海域各自打1枚測試;而台灣本土的試射更只有區區2次,分別是2007年漢光23號演習,以及2013年對外公開的「海標操演」。

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標準二型飛彈為我國海軍艦隊現役戰力最強的艦載型防空飛彈,作戰範圍可達74至167公里,但僅配備在基隆級軍艦上。(圖:總統府網站)。美國雷神公司今年年初還公開展示了最新型的「SM-2 Block IIIC/CU」中程防空飛彈。新型飛彈導入了源自更高端SM-6飛彈的「主動導引」技術,將顯著強化美軍水面艦艇反制飽和攻擊的能力。

退役的海軍將領分析指出,過去22年來只打了6枚,主因在於飛彈實在太過昂貴。早期標二飛彈單價高達90萬美元,以過去匯率換算約為2800萬元台幣,現今的新造成本與後勤成本更飆破上億元台幣。更重要的是,在台海周邊發射長程飛彈,飛彈的尋標器頻率、雷達照射波等關鍵電子參數,非常容易被解放軍的電偵機或情報船「側錄」情蒐。加上現代海軍的「戰系戰術模擬器」功能極為強大,平時透過電腦就能模擬遭遇飽和攻擊的接戰演練,不需要每回都把真金白銀推進發射架。

他表示,飛彈有壽限問題,儲放久了總會老化,為了解決關鍵組件面臨原廠停產的「消失性商源」危機,海軍特別編列了32.78億元台幣(約合1.02億美元)的預算委託美方,預計在2027年底前,全面採購標二飛彈的備份組段。這次維護將重點聚焦在目標偵測與電力供應等核心零件的更換與延壽。同時,海軍也攜手中科院與國內廠商進行技術研修,希望能用雙軌方式克服斷貨危機,讓這批現役防空主力能繼續保持隨時開火的完美狀態。

澳洲國防部今年7月宣布,首度利用國產地面防空「遠征發射系統」原型系統成功發射一枚標準二型(SM-2)防空飛彈並擊落巡弋飛彈標靶。(圖取自X@GuyPlopsky)

退役將領表示,雖然中科院自研的「海弓三型」防空飛彈在射程與速度上,都比現役標二飛彈更優秀,還具備射後不理的主動導引優勢,但因為近年海軍造艦計畫更迭,新一代輕型巡防艦噸位不足,導致海弓三面臨「有彈卻無艦可裝」的尷尬處境。海軍目前規劃推動7000噸級的「戟海計畫」新一代主力作戰艦,並評估向美爭取最強的標準六型飛彈。在未來的「台灣小神盾」正式成軍前,這批標二飛彈仍將持續擔任台海中程防空的重任。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 海軍將在2027年底前完成標準二型飛彈備份組段採購與延壽作業

    Likely · Within months

  • 標準二型飛彈將在未來『台灣小神盾』成軍前繼續擔任台海中程防空重任

    Very likely · Within years

Open Questions

  • 海弓三型飛彈何時能裝備於新型艦艇?
  • 台灣是否會採購標準六型飛彈以提升防空能力?
  • 備份組段採購是否能有效解決飛彈老化與零件斷供問題?

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