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Back南韓半導體繁榮引發「貨幣悖論」:韓元升值侵蝕晶片廠利潤
南韓半導體繁榮引發「貨幣悖論」:韓元升值侵蝕晶片廠利潤
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

南韓半導體繁榮引發「貨幣悖論」:韓元升值侵蝕晶片廠利潤

晶片出口帶動大量美元流入,導致韓元匯率強勢,反而對三星電子與SK海力士的獲利與股價構成壓力。

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南韓半導體產業出口激增導致大量美元流入,推升韓元兌美元匯率大幅上漲。此「貨幣悖論」導致晶片製造商以韓元計算的營收縮水,分析師已下調三星電子與SK海力士的獲利預期與目標股價。

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Why It Matters

南韓半導體出口在今年前八個月大幅成長,導致大量美元流入國內,推升韓元匯率。

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南韓半導體產業的繁榮造成了所謂的貨幣悖論(currency paradox):晶片製造商賺取的美元越多,韓元對美元的匯率就越高,從而侵蝕了他們的利潤和股價前景。

根據南韓央行經濟統計系統的數據,7月1日至上週五,韓元兌美元匯率上漲了15.41%。在此期間,美元兌韓元匯率從1551.2韓元跌至1344.1韓元。韓元的漲幅幾乎是日圓兌美元漲幅(5.29%)的三倍。

同期,追蹤美元兌六種主要貨幣匯率的美元指數僅下跌0.02%。韓元兌美元匯率的顯著走強主要歸功於半導體產業的繁榮以及由此帶來的大量美元流入南韓。

今年1月至8月,南韓半導體出口額達2810億美元,較去年同期成長169.6%。國際金融協會指出,南韓巨額經常帳盈餘以及南韓半導體企業在國內的投資是韓元在中長期保持強勢的因素。

但強勢韓元目前正為晶片製造商的獲利帶來壓力。大多數半導體出口都以美元結算。當韓元對美元升值時,同樣數額的美元銷售額對應的韓元就會減少。因此,這些收益換算成韓元後,其價值也會降低。

分析師已下調了預期。三星電子和SK海力士2026年合併營業利潤的普遍預期在兩個月內下降了21兆韓元,從7月10日的66.1兆韓元降至上週五的64兆韓元。合併後第三季的營業利潤預期也從19.9兆韓元下調至18.8兆韓元。

野村證券估計,韓元對美元升值10%可能會在短期內使南韓記憶體晶片製造商的營業利潤減少約12%。SK海力士在半年報中也披露,美元兌韓元匯率下跌10% 可能導致這家晶片巨頭的稅前利潤減少約4.75兆韓元。

韓元走強也對股價預期構成壓力。9月3日,花旗銀行將三星電子的目標股價從45萬韓元下調至43萬韓元,並將SK海力士的目標股價從310萬韓元下調至300萬韓元。花旗銀行表示,此次調整反映了匯率波動帶來的不利影響。

Open Questions

  • 韓元強勢是否會持續影響南韓半導體企業的長期投資計畫?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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