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Back中國債務壓力攀升 金融時報:財政刺激空間遭限縮
中國債務壓力攀升  金融時報:財政刺激空間遭限縮
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自由时报2 hours agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

中國債務壓力攀升 金融時報:財政刺激空間遭限縮

世界大型企業聯合會指出,債務還本付息支出佔比攀升,嚴重限縮中國財政靈活度

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世界大型企業聯合會報告指出,中國債務利息支出急速攀升,佔中央預算比例達19.2%,嚴重制約政府推動經濟刺激政策的財政空間。分析師對近期刺激措施的效果持保留態度,認為其影響力有限。

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Why It Matters

中國長期依賴投資驅動成長,導致債務水平大幅攀升。房地產市場低迷進一步惡化了地方政府財務狀況。

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英國《金融時報》報導,世界大型企業聯合會(Conference Board)的最新研究顯示,中國不斷增加的債務負擔,已成為該國實施新經濟刺激政策的制約因素。由於過往仰賴投資驅動的成長模式,債務利息支出急速攀升,嚴重限縮了中國財政的靈活度。

研究顯示,光是債務還本付息支出預計就將占今年中央政府一般公共預算的19.2%,高於2014年的12%。這個問題在地方政府層級尤其嚴峻,在同一時期,地方政府的債務利息支出每年增加16%。 整體而言,中國中央和地方政府今年的債務利息支出預估將達1.4兆元人民幣(下同,新台幣6.7兆元),高於2014年的3480億元(約新台幣1.7兆元)。

世界大型企業聯合會中國中心首席經濟學家張宇涵表示:「債務還本付息已逐漸成為地方財政空間的重大限制。」

摩根士丹利分析師指出,由於過往仰賴投資驅動的成長模式,中國的債務快速增加,今年底公共債務占國內生產總值(GDP)比重預計將升至122%,較武漢肺炎疫情爆發前激增48個百分點。

隨著長達5年的房地產市場低迷,打擊家庭和地方政府財務,北京當局已承諾要推出更多措施,來刺激疲軟的國內需求。在零售銷售和固定資產投資疲弱的情況下,中國第2季GDP成長率放緩至4.3%,低於官方設定的4.5%至5%年成長目標。

中國9月底公布一些刺激措施,包括對房貸利息提供補貼和調降一項融資機制的利息。中國稅務機關也努力向富人的海外收益追稅,以填補財政缺口。但幾名分析師質疑這些刺激措施的效果。

巴克萊(Barclays)形容這些措施雖有助益,但影響力有限。高盛(Goldman Sachs)則預估,這些措施相當於5年內最高1000億元(新台幣4756億元)的小型財政補貼。瑞銀(UBS)亞太及大中華區房地產研究主管林鎮鴻則說,這些措施可能不如投資人預期。

Open Questions

  • 中國政府是否會採取更激進的財政擴張政策?
  • 追稅措施能否有效填補財政缺口?

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