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Back“特朗普全面惨败”上热搜,世界如何看待美国中期选举?
“特朗普全面惨败”上热搜,世界如何看待美国中期选举?
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纽约时报中文网1 hour agoWorld4 min readChinaView translation

“特朗普全面惨败”上热搜,世界如何看待美国中期选举?

各国分析民主党掌控国会对关税、伊朗局势及美中关系的影响

Quick Look

美国中期选举后,民主党取得国会控制权,全球各国正在评估特朗普在关税、对伊朗政策及美中关系等方面的走向。分析人士认为,国内选举失利可能刺激特朗普在全球采取更具侵略性的行动,亚洲国家尤其担忧油价高企和关税上升。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

两年来,世界经受了特朗普总统专横的单边主义,承受了起伏不定的关税、对伊朗的战争、在拉丁美洲的侵入行动、在乌克兰问题上的突然反转,以及向包括加拿大、德国和日本在内的盟友提出的一连串要求。如今,随着民主党人取得国会控制权,许多国家正探讨美国的又一次政治剧变会带来什么。

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两年来,世界经受了特朗普总统专横的单边主义,承受了起伏不定的关税、对伊朗的战争、在拉丁美洲的侵入行动、在乌克兰问题上的突然反转,以及向包括加拿大、德国和日本在内的盟友提出的一连串要求。

如今,随着民主党人取得国会控制权,且几乎所有特朗普青睐的共和党人均遭败绩,许多国家正探讨美国的又一次政治剧变会带来什么。

一些分析人士指出,新一届国会可能会抑制特朗普总统最冲动的念头。网上出现了明显的庆祝情绪。随着结果公布,“特朗普全面惨败”的标签登上了中国主流社交媒体平台微博的热搜。

但由于总统在外交政策上拥有巨大的回旋余地,从亚洲到欧洲都浮现出一个持续存在的问题:国内选举失利是否会刺激特朗普在全球采取更具侵略性的行动?

新加坡国立大学政治学副教授庄嘉颖表示:“为了应对由民主党控制的国会,特朗普可能会试图把注意力吸引到别的地方,包括在关税和使用武力方面。”

世界各国正在评估美国选举结果可能如何影响国际事务中最紧迫的议题。

与伊朗的战争

在严重依赖中东能源的亚洲,民主党的胜利最初带来了一丝乐观情绪。

“在东南亚,主要的挑战一直是伊朗战争引起的通胀压力。这使得一切都变得昂贵得多,”庄嘉颖说,“现在有了获得某种喘息的希望。”

然而,他和其他许多人对这种乐观看法表示怀疑。许多国家已经表达担忧,认为对伊战争在短期内会继续升级——特朗普或许会在选举后再次打击伊朗——从而加剧油气供应紧张。

目前,人们的情绪与其说是欢欣,不如说是凝重:预计油价在可预见的未来仍将保持高位,这给企业带来挑战,并让许多人猜测特朗普下一步可能会做什么。

关税

美国贸易调查人员已花费数月时间,对十几个国家展开调查,这些国家被指违反劳工规定,并在从化学品到汽车等各类产品上存在产能过剩。既然白宫不再担心在选举前引发外界对通胀的关注,各国可能预计美国将重新大力推进征收关税。

日本、中国和越南都是加征关税的潜在目标。在许多国家,新关税将叠加在现有关税之上,使税率回升至2月份最高法院推翻先前关税措施之前的水平。

特朗普在贸易问题上依然拥有广泛权力。然而,国会可以利用其新获得的联邦预算筹码及监督权,对部分细节施加影响。

“你可能会看到国会推动在影响其选民钱包的类别中,争取更多的关税豁免和例外,”前美国贸易谈判代表、新加坡尤索夫伊萨东南亚研究院客座高级研究员斯蒂芬·奥尔森说。

总体而言,在亚洲及其他地区,许多人预计美国的保护主义将继续推进,因为这位总统正寻求留下政治遗产,且依然决心让全球经济屈从于他的主张。

在谈及日本的情绪时,东京上智大学美国政治与外交教授前岛和弘说:“人们对特朗普政府过去的行动深感不安,并对未来保持焦虑。虽然对改变抱有希望,但这种改变是否能真正实现仍属未知。”

与中国的竞争

预计美国选举不会改变美中关系的方向,尤其是在双方断断续续的贸易休战方面。在经济竞争和争议领土问题上,两党越来越认同对华采取更强硬的姿态。

但在中国主流社交媒体平台微博上,初步结果一开始引起了一些对特朗普总统的幸灾乐祸。拥有近400万粉丝的知名评论员徐绍林写道,如果两院的失利成定局,“这个满嘴跑火车不靠谱的总统,恐怕就会成为跛脚鸭。”

尽管如此,中国人民大学国际关系学院教授时殷弘预测,民主党人的成功将意味着美中关系面临麻烦。

中国领导人习近平与特朗普总统在5月的一次峰会上达成谅解,支持中国所定义的“建设性战略稳定”。但时殷弘预测这种谅解将会破裂,“因为特朗普突然变得远非无所不能。”

他表示,民主党控制的国会也可能加强美国与包括日本在内传统盟友的关系,这对中国也不利。

台北的国际危机组织高级分析师杨皓暐认为,对于台湾而言,选举结果可能是一个“潜在的积极信号”。

他表示,他认为由民主党领导的国会可能会加大对白宫的压力,促其批准一项被长期拖延的140亿美元武器方案,这将提升台湾防御中国军事威胁的能力。

美国的联盟与领导力

特朗普用从关税到炸弹的各种手段威胁了本国的合作伙伴和盟友。周二,在一些被特朗普疏远的前友好国家,公众反应转向了对民主党获胜的如释重负或庆祝。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 特朗普可能会试图把注意力吸引到别的地方,包括在关税和使用武力方面,以应对由民主党控制的国会。

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 对伊朗战争在短期内会继续升级,特朗普或许会在选举后再次打击伊朗。

    Possible · Within weeks

  • 由民主党领导的国会可能会加大对白宫的压力,促其批准对台湾的140亿美元武器方案。

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 特朗普是否会在选举后再次打击伊朗?
  • 国会将如何利用预算筹码影响关税细节?
  • 美中关系是否会因民主党掌控国会而进一步恶化?
  • 台湾的140亿美元武器方案是否会获批?

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This article was originally published by 纽约时报中文网.

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