
小惑星探査機「はやぶさ2」の拡張ミッションで、正常に動いていた唯一のイオンエンジン(B)が故障した。JAXAは別のエンジンの正常な部品を組み合わせる「クロス運転」で運用継続を方針とし、2031年の目的地到着を目指す。
AI-generated summary
小惑星りゅうぐうの試料を持ち帰った「はやぶさ2」は、別の小惑星を目指す拡張ミッションを継続している。
小惑星「りゅうぐう」からの試料を地球に持ち帰った後、別の小惑星に向かう拡張ミッションを継続中の探査機「はやぶさ2」で、航行に使う4基のイオンエンジンのうち唯一正常に動いていた1基が故障したことが1日、分かった。
宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA)は、初代「はやぶさ」でも行った、故障したイオンエンジン2基の使用可能な部分を組み合わせる「クロス運転」と呼ばれる手法でミッションを継続する方針。今月後半にも同エンジンの運用を再開するが、2031年に最終目的地の小惑星「1998 KY26」に到着できるかは今後の劣化の進展にもよるため、現時点では不明という。
はやぶさ2は打ち上げから12年近くが経過し、設計寿命を大幅に超過。さまざまな機器に故障や劣化が生じている。
JAXAによると、4基あるイオンエンジンのうちA、C、Dの劣化が進み、拡張ミッションではりゅうぐうへの往復時に温存していたBを主に使っていたが、8月中旬に不具合が発生。復旧を試みたが、動作しなくなった。
イオンエンジンは「イオン源」と「中和器」から成り、航行には両者が同時に動くことが必要。詳しく調べたところ、Bはイオン源が故障していたものの、中和器は動作可能だった。一方、CとDは中和器が故障し、イオン源は機能することが判明。そこで回路を切り替えて、Dのイオン源とBの中和器を組み合わせることにした。
この手法は初代はやぶさでも使われ、地球に帰還できなくなる危機を救った。当時の担当者で、はやぶさ2の責任者も務めた国中均・JAXA名誉教授が仕様外で追加した「裏技」だったが、はやぶさ2は当初から利用できる仕様にしていた。
JAXAの三桝裕也・はやぶさ2拡張ミッションチーム長は「限界を超えて運転を続けるイオンエンジンと共に、チーム一同、最後まであきらめずに運用を続ける」とコメントした。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
今月後半にイオンエンジンのクロス運転による運用を再開する
Very likely · Within weeks

A research team from Syracuse University and other institutions announced in the American journal Science that they have discovered a new species of single-celled amoeba that grows at temperatures as high as 63 degrees Celsius in California's Lassen Volcanic National Park. This is the highest growth temperature ever recorded for a eukaryotic organism with a cell nucleus.

Stone tools believed to be the oldest in Japan were discovered in 2024 at the Yoshiwa-no-Kan Ruins in Hatsukaichi City, Hiroshima Prefecture, and excavations are continuing led by Sadakatsu Kunitake, a senior researcher at the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties. The stone tool, called a point tool, was found to be 42,300 years old by radiocarbon dating, which could be about 5,000 years earlier than the conventional time that humans arrived in the archipelago. Many citizens visit the public exhibition, which leads to the development of related products and regional revitalization.

An international research team including Brazil's Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul analyzed the DNA of jaguar cats from across South America and discovered that a group living in the forests of Bolivia is a new species. Its build is similar to that of a domestic cat, and it was named ``Tilkayo'' after the local name. The tilcayo is estimated to have separated from its ancestors such as the jaguar cat about 1.4 million years ago, and it has been discovered that there is a population in Peru that may be a new subspecies. The species is at risk of extinction due to deforestation and poaching, and it is pointed out that accurate classification of the species will help in its conservation and breeding.

Keio University announced that it has selected Professor Seiji Ogawa of Kyoto University and Professor Ulrich Hartl of Germany's Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry as this year's Keio Medical Prize recipients. Dr. Ogawa was recognized for elucidating genetic abnormalities in cancer, and Dr. Hartl was recognized for elucidating the function of molecular chaperones.

A research team from the University of California, Los Angeles and other institutions announced that they analyzed carbon-13 and oxygen-18 isotopes in the tooth enamel of a Tyrannosaurus rex excavated in Montana and estimated that the animal's body temperature was approximately 36.3 degrees Celsius. This is the first concrete estimate of body temperature that supports the idea that dinosaurs were at least partially homeothermic rather than poikilothermic.

A research team from the University of California, Los Angeles and other institutions analyzed a Tyrannosaurus rex fossil unearthed in Montana and measured carbon-13 and oxygen-18 isotopes in tooth enamel to estimate body temperature. The researchers found that their body temperature was approximately 36.3 degrees Celsius, similar to that of humans, suggesting that at least some dinosaurs may have been homeothermic like mammals.