Breaking
GLOBALAliko Dangote launches Nigeria's refinery IPO, offering 3% stake to publicITTragedy at work in Ostia: two workers fell from the crane, one deadRUThe President of Ukraine suspended the Prosecutor General after his accusations against the head of NABUSEThe left party strongly advanced in Malmö - especially in RosengårdDETürkiye: X blocks accounts of queer clubs after raidsFRA mortar shot during a rap video shoot causes a controlled fire in LyonFRTrump promises a dividend of $5,000 per citizen if Republicans retain Congress; IDF claims to have surrounded Khan YounesINTLHouthi rebels capture Hanish Islands in Red Sea, escalating maritime blockade against Saudi ArabiaRUTrump announced an agreement between Russia and Ukraine on an energy truceITSelex egg recall due to salmonella risk on the shellGLOBALAliko Dangote launches Nigeria's refinery IPO, offering 3% stake to publicITTragedy at work in Ostia: two workers fell from the crane, one deadRUThe President of Ukraine suspended the Prosecutor General after his accusations against the head of NABUSEThe left party strongly advanced in Malmö - especially in RosengårdDETürkiye: X blocks accounts of queer clubs after raidsFRA mortar shot during a rap video shoot causes a controlled fire in LyonFRTrump promises a dividend of $5,000 per citizen if Republicans retain Congress; IDF claims to have surrounded Khan YounesINTLHouthi rebels capture Hanish Islands in Red Sea, escalating maritime blockade against Saudi ArabiaRUTrump announced an agreement between Russia and Ukraine on an energy truceITSelex egg recall due to salmonella risk on the shell
Back中歐國際工商學院教授朱天:官方失業率低估就業危機,3.2億人轉向靈活就業
中歐國際工商學院教授朱天:官方失業率低估就業危機,3.2億人轉向靈活就業
NEWS
自由时报1 hour agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

中歐國際工商學院教授朱天:官方失業率低估就業危機,3.2億人轉向靈活就業

官方城鎮調查失業率維持在5.2%左右,但專家指出實際就業壓力被靈活就業數據掩蓋

Quick Look

中歐國際工商學院教授朱天指出,中國官方城鎮調查失業率約5.2%,無法反映真實就業困境。因超過3億人轉向低收入、長工時的靈活就業,導致失業壓力轉化為不穩定就業,掩蓋了總需求不足的嚴重性。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

中國官方城鎮調查失業率近年長期維持在5.2%左右,但民間對就業市場的感受指數持續下滑。

Font size

上海中歐國際工商學院經濟學教授朱天表示,官方城鎮調查失業率無法反映就業問題的嚴重性,因有3.2億人轉為靈活就業人口。

中國近年來城鎮調查失業率都維持在5.2%左右,但上海中歐國際工商學院經濟學教授朱天分析指出,這個數據無法反映就業問題的嚴重和當前總需求的不足,因為有超過3億人口轉向了工時長、單位時間收入低的靈活就業。

中歐國際工商學院的官方微信公眾號近日刊出朱天談就業問題的文章,認為中國今日真正的就業問題,是失業率數字看不出來的。

根據中國國家統計局的數據,今年1至7月全國城鎮調查失業率平均值為5.2%,與去年同期持平。除2022年受武漢肺炎(COVID-19)疫情影響升至5.6%外,2021年以來其他年份基本上都維持在5.1%至5.2%之間。不包含在校生的16至24歲城鎮青年調查失業率,近3年大體在16%至17%之間;從這2個指標看,中國的就業形勢這幾年似乎沒有多少變化。

但朱天指出,這與很多人的實際感受並不一致。中國人民銀行的城鎮儲戶調查顯示,就業感受指數從2021年第一季的43.9下降到2024年第一季的35.1,2025年第四季更降至29.2。現在企業招聘越來越謹慎,大學畢業生找工作越來越難,很多原來有穩定工作的人開始開網路叫車、送外賣或從事其他靈活就業。

根據首都經濟貿易大學的「中國新就業形態研究中心」最近發布的一份報告,中國的靈活就業人員從2021年的2億,增至2025年的2.8億,今年預估達3.2億。

朱天表示,靈活就業成了一個巨大的就業「蓄水池」,當越來越多找不到穩定工作的人轉入靈活就業以後,就業市場的壓力就不一定表現為失業率上升,而可能表現為工作更不穩定、工作時間更長、單位時間收入更低,這可能是理解今天中國就業問題的關鍵。

朱天說,中國就業市場的壓力,可以從領取失業保險金的人數從2021年的259萬到2025年的557萬、4年來增加了1倍,但失業保險參保人數只增加8.5%看出,而中國領取失業保險金的人還只是失業人口中的一小部分。

朱天表示,如果僅根據城鎮調查失業率的變化來判斷中國就業形勢,就可能低估當前總需求不足的嚴重程度和宏觀政策所需要的力度。

Open Questions

  • 靈活就業人口的真實收入水平為何?
  • 政府未來將採取何種宏觀政策應對總需求不足?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 自由时报.

Related Stories

Guangzhou released the “15th Five-Year Plan” for marine economic development, aiming to achieve a gross marine product value of over 730 billion yuan in 2030.
Business·

Guangzhou released the “15th Five-Year Plan” for marine economic development, aiming to achieve a gross marine product value of over 730 billion yuan in 2030.

The Guangzhou Municipal Government released the "15th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Guangzhou's Marine Economy", proposing that the gross marine product value will exceed 730 billion yuan by 2030. The plan covers five major areas including technological innovation and industrial development, focusing on industries such as shipbuilding and offshore engineering, shipping hubs, marine biomedicine and blue carbon trading, and deepening Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and international cooperation.

中国新闻网
3 min read
Inflation pressure in the United States rises: Trump pressures the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates, and Bush faces political challenges
Developing·

Inflation pressure in the United States rises: Trump pressures the Federal Reserve to cut interest rates, and Bush faces political challenges

The U.S. core CPI increased by 0.3% monthly in August, which was higher than expected, and the Federal Reserve is expected to raise interest rates on the 16th. Trump reiterated that U.S. interest rates should be the lowest in the world, exerting political pressure on Federal Reserve Chairman Wash, trying to alleviate voters' dissatisfaction with the soaring cost of living before the midterm elections.

自由时报
3 min read
The 2026 China Private Enterprise Investment and Financing Fair will be held in Tianjin on September 22
Business·

The 2026 China Private Enterprise Investment and Financing Fair will be held in Tianjin on September 22

The 2026 China Private Enterprise Investment and Financing Fair will be held in Tianjin from September 22 to 23. With the theme of "Scenario Innovation, Technology and Finance Synergy", the conference will release the "China Nezha Enterprise Research Report (2026)", establish the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Technology and Finance Alliance, and launch a number of policy initiatives to support the coordinated development of private enterprises and technology and finance.

中国新闻网
2 min read
The 18th Hunan Tea Industry Expo 2026 concluded in Changsha with a total transaction volume of 709 million yuan
Business·

The 18th Hunan Tea Industry Expo 2026 concluded in Changsha with a total transaction volume of 709 million yuan

The 18th Hunan Tea Industry Expo 2026 concluded in Changsha. The exhibition lasted for four days, and the total online and offline transaction volume reached 709 million yuan. The event brought together more than 1,500 companies and attracted more than 100,000 visitors. It focused on displaying new Chinese tea drinks, tea and food homologous products and diversified tea industry formats, helping the high-quality development of Hunan's tea industry and rural revitalization.

中国新闻网
3 min read
The added value of Tianjin’s private economy reached 346.73 billion yuan in the first half of the year, a year-on-year increase of 5.3%
Business·

The added value of Tianjin’s private economy reached 346.73 billion yuan in the first half of the year, a year-on-year increase of 5.3%

The added value of Tianjin's private economy in the first half of the year reached 346.73 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.3%. Liu Songlin, deputy director of the Municipal Development and Reform Commission, summarized its development characteristics as "stable new technology and excellent solid work", pointing out that the private economy has performed steadily in terms of industrial added value, technological innovation and tax contribution, and emphasized that the business environment will continue to be optimized in the future.

中国新闻网
2 min read
Pengyang, Ningxia: Taking multiple measures to promote the mechanism of linking farmers with farmers to help farmers continue to increase their income
Business·

Pengyang, Ningxia: Taking multiple measures to promote the mechanism of linking farmers with farmers to help farmers continue to increase their income

Pengyang County in Ningxia has introduced 56 special industry reward and subsidy policies and a mechanism for linking farmers with farmers to activate agricultural business entities and increase the income of more than 30,000 farmers. The local area uses advantageous industries such as beef cattle and Chao Na chicken to build a multi-interest linkage system and establish a village collective excess profit sharing mechanism to promote the deep integration of small farmers into the modern agricultural industry chain.

中国新闻网
3 min read
More on this topic失業率