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Back甲状腺癌患者为何越来越年轻,医生提示这3个因素
甲状腺癌患者为何越来越年轻,医生提示这3个因素
Health
中国新闻网10 hours agoHealth6 min readChinaView translation

甲状腺癌患者为何越来越年轻,医生提示这3个因素

专家指出甲状腺癌在我国发病率持续上升且趋于年轻化,不良生活方式如熬夜、不良饮食与情绪压力是诱因。

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上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院近期接诊一名15岁甲状腺癌伴侧方淋巴结转移患者。国家癌症中心数据显示甲状腺癌已居我国恶性肿瘤发病第三位,年轻化趋势明显,专家呼吁保持规律作息与健康生活方式。

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Why It Matters

国家癌症中心公布数据显示甲状腺癌位列我国恶性肿瘤发病数第三位,且发病率持续上升。

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近日,上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院接诊了一名15岁的甲状腺癌患者,确诊时已经出现侧方淋巴结转移。问起孩子的作息,家长的回复让人印象深刻:“从初中开始,几乎没有在凌晨1点前睡过觉,长期晚睡成了常态。”

2026年10月21日,国家癌症中心公布的《2024年中国人群恶性肿瘤发病与死亡年龄特征分析》显示,甲状腺癌位列我国恶性肿瘤发病数第三位。为什么甲状腺癌年轻患者越来越多?如何保护好我们的甲状腺?

甲状腺癌年轻患者增多

近年来,甲状腺癌在我国的发病率呈现持续上升趋势。根据国家癌症中心2024年发布的数据,甲状腺癌年新发病例已达46.61万例,是我国发病率第三的恶性肿瘤。

《2025版北京市体检人群抽样健康报告》显示,仅去年一年,随访到的甲状腺癌患者数高居第一位,检出率高达48.08%。

瑞金医院甲状腺血管外科病区主任、副主任医师匡洁表示,在目前的门诊与手术患者中,50岁以下的甲状腺癌患者占比已达到65%左右,二三十岁甚至十几岁的年轻面孔屡见不鲜。

甲状腺癌为何会盯上年轻群体?匡洁指出,除了随着超声设备分辨率提升、体检普及以及就诊基数增大带来的“检出效应”外,年轻一代生活方式的变迁对免疫系统造成的隐形损害不容忽视。“人体的免疫系统就像警察,负责实时巡逻纠错。当机体长期处于透支状态,免疫防线被破坏,肿瘤细胞就容易乘虚而入。”

在医生看来,现代人日常生活中最常被破坏的主要是三件事:睡眠、饮食与情绪。

人体各器官在白天运转产生的激素与代谢废物,主要依赖夜间睡眠来进行调节与清除,长期熬夜无异于提前剥夺了身体的自我修复机制;

不良饮食习惯不断加重身体负担。门诊中,体重超标、常年依赖外卖和含糖饮料的年轻患者很常见,加之部分人群长期碘摄入过量、偏好高盐饮食,都成为诱发甲状腺疾病的潜在隐患。

与此同时,学业与职场带来的精神压力让情绪长期紧绷,不仅直接干扰神经与内分泌系统,更会诱发失眠,进一步削弱机体的抗病能力。

良性结节不会突然恶变

尽管甲状腺癌是癌症的一种,但是不少人认为,它的病程进展缓慢、预后较好,称它为“懒癌”,甚至有的患者,即便确诊甲状腺癌,也拖延治疗。

专家提醒,把甲状腺癌称为“懒癌”,这种说法并不科学,甲状腺癌分型差异极大,部分高危亚型进展快、易转移、恶性程度高,一旦忽视将危及生命。

值得注意的是,不少年轻人看到体检报告上结节从“3类良性结节”变成“4类可疑恶性”,就寝食难安,误以为是结节发生了恶变。

医生对此澄清,“肿瘤生来就是肿瘤,并非由良性结节变异而来。”等级的变化通常源于超声影像学在微小结节阶段的识别差异,或是随结节稍稍长大后特征更加明显,而非性质发生反转。

只要是经过规范评估确认的良性结节,且不产生压迫气管等不适,定期进行年度随访即可,无需背负沉重的心理包袱。

如何保护好我们的甲状腺?

- 学会自查

日常生活中,如果想要自查甲状腺可“一看二摸三吞咽”。具体方法:对着镜子观察,看颈部两侧是否对称、肿大;也可含一口水,用手指触摸颈部下方,将水吞下去看颈部是否有突出的小肿块。

- 均衡饮食,不暴饮暴食

碘与甲状腺疾病发病率呈U型曲线关系,缺乏或过多都不行。若医生没有提醒使用无碘盐,就应正常吃含碘盐并适当摄入海产品;儿童不建议食用无碘盐。

- 戒烟限酒

烟酒是包括甲状腺癌等诸多疾病的重要风险因素。

- 保持情绪稳定

情绪对甲状腺的影响尤为突出。平时要保持心情愉悦,及时疏解不良情绪;积极参与社交,多与家人朋友交流。

- 作息规律,适度运动

规律运动有助于维持健康体重,增强身体代谢功能,提高免疫力。经常熬夜或睡眠不足,会导致甲状腺激素的分泌和代谢失去平衡。

- 定期体检

甲状腺疾病发病慢、病程长,应定期检查甲状腺,特别是以下高风险人群:颈部外照射史或碘131治疗史、甲状腺手术和甲状腺功能异常史、自身免疫甲状腺疾病家族史;患有其他自身免疫性疾病;血脂异常、高血压、糖尿病等代谢性疾病等。

医生提醒

顺应自然规律

管住嘴、睡好觉、少内耗

做好自己健康的第一责任人

才是远离疾病的最根本保障

Open Questions

  • 未来几年年轻人甲状腺癌发病率是否会继续攀升?

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