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Back不只南海海槽!日本專家示警「3處潛在強震區」 災損恐超越311
不只南海海槽!日本專家示警「3處潛在強震區」 災損恐超越311
Science
自由时报23 hours agoScience2 min readChinaView translation

不只南海海槽!日本專家示警「3處潛在強震區」 災損恐超越311

日本政府地震調查委員會預測南海海槽大地震機率達80%至90%,學者鎌田浩毅指出日本海溝、千島海溝與九州地區同面臨強震與火山噴發風險。

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日本政府預測南海海槽30年內大地震機率達80%至90%。京都大學名譽教授鎌田浩毅指出,除南海海槽與東京外,日本海溝、千島海溝與九州地區亦面臨高強度地震與火山噴發潛在威脅。

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Why It Matters

近年日本大規模地震頻繁,日本政府地震調查委員會預測未來30年內發生南海海槽巨大地震機率達80%至90%。

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近年日本大規模地震頻繁,日本政府地震調查委員會最新預測報告也指出,未來30年內,發生南海海槽巨大地震的機率上修到80%至90%。對此,知名地科學家、京都大學名譽教授鎌田浩毅在新書指出,日本各地都有可能發生巨大地震,部分地區還可能伴隨火山噴發危險,並列出3處潛在強震風險的地區。

根據鎌田浩毅在今年10月7日出版的《現在問怕被笑的地科超基本》(今さら聞けない 地学の超基本:地震と噴火から身を守る前に)新書提到,日本列島未來30年內,各地都有可能發生巨大地震,部分地區還可能連帶引發火山活動,直言防災焦點不該全放在位於菲律賓海板塊與歐亞板塊交界的南海海槽,以及東京首都圈。

鎌田浩毅進一步指出,2011年造成重大傷亡的311東日本大地震,其震央位在日本列島東北外海的「日本海溝」,未來在這處震央北側,極可能再次大型地震,潛在災害規模不容小覷。根據相關災害情境推估,倘若日本海溝未來發生巨大地震,造成的經濟損失,預估會是311東日本大地震的1.5倍。

不僅如此,日本海溝往北延伸至北海道太平洋沿岸的「千島海溝」,同樣也是被日本政府與專家預測容易發生巨大地震的潛在地區。鎌田浩毅表示,千島海溝未來若發生大型地震,屆時北海道東部及太平洋沿岸地區可能受到強烈搖晃與海嘯衝擊,因此帶來的災害規模可能接近或超越311東日本大地震。

除北海道、東北地區,鎌田浩毅點名「九州地區」同樣面臨巨大地震威脅,並舉例2016年發生熊本地震後,當地又於2026年發生規模7.1強震,顯示該地區地震風險不容忽視。鎌田浩毅說明,2016年發生的熊本地震,是因屬於「中央構造線」一部分的「大分-熊本構造線」發生錯動,其周邊構造帶恰好鄰近阿蘇山所在的火山活動地區。

鎌田浩毅警告,這2處地區的地質活動至今仍會持續,並且強烈地震可能影響阿蘇火山活動,因此當局必須將地震與火山災害,一併納入防災考量之中。不過鎌田浩毅也補充,地震和火山噴發之間的關聯十分複雜,並非強震一發生,就必定會引起火山噴發,專家提供的相關風險評估,主要適用於長期防災規劃。

Open Questions

  • 各地區具體防震與避難設施是否足夠?
  • 各潛在災區的經濟損失預估細節為何?

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