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Back退休規劃避坑指南:3個真實經驗教你提前準備
退休規劃避坑指南:3個真實經驗教你提前準備
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness3 min readChinaView translation

退休規劃避坑指南:3個真實經驗教你提前準備

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文章透過兩位美國退休族Judy Shaw和Andrew Reichek的親身經驗,指出退休前應先清償房貸車貸、不要只靠社會安全金、避免背負高利率信用卡債務,強調提前規劃的重要性。

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Why It Matters

許多人希望透過退休規劃實現財務自由,但實際退休生活常因過去財務決策而受影響,如債務累積或收入來源單一。

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許多人希望能實現財務自由,享受退休生活,然而每個人的退休之路都不一樣,並非所有退休規劃都能如願,有些退休族直到退休後才發現,過去犯下的錯誤,可能讓自己付出不小代價。以下整理退休族分享的3個親身經驗,提醒大家提早做好規劃。

1.退休前先還清房貸、車貸

《GoBankingRates》報導,退休後靠固定收入生活並不容易。根據美國社會安全局(Social Security Administration)資料,2026年退休人士每月平均可領到的社會安全金為2071美元。對於主要依靠這筆收入生活的人來說,要負擔每月各項開銷可能相當吃力。

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因此,退休前先還清房貸及車貸,可以減輓退休後的固定支出,這也是72歲的Judy Shaw退休後才深刻體會到的事情。

2.不要只靠社會安全金(類似台灣勞保年金的制度概念)

如今,單靠社會安全金可能難以支付所有生活開銷。根據美國聯準銀行聖路易分行資料,2024年美國65歲以上人口平均每年支出達6萬1432美元,因此對許多退休族而言,除了社會安全金之外,也需要其他收入來源,這也是Judy Shaw很快就意識到的問題。

為了增加收入、累積更多退休資產,Judy Shaw後來與朋友合作,購買價格較低的房屋,再透過翻修轉售或出租賺取收入。

「只靠社會安全金退休是不夠的。」她表示,自己一度擁有10間出租房屋,雖然管理起來有些吃力,但當時仍不斷尋找合適的投資機會。最後,她們將房產全部出售,而這些收益也成為她如今能過得較為舒適的原因。

3.別背著高額信用卡債務退休

Andrew Reichek目前還沒有完全退休,但計畫很快退休。他是名NioyaTech公司的AWS及開發維運工程師,在50多歲時,因生活方式及與事業相關的支出,在10年間累積約4萬美元的高利率信用卡債務。

他表示,過去自己每個月只繳信用卡最低應繳金額,沒有意識到利息可能以非常驚人的速度累積。這筆債務不僅影響他的退休儲蓄,也花了好幾年才終於還清。

為了解決問題,Andrew Reichek重新調整財務規劃,制定嚴格預算,優先償還高利率債務、削減不必要支出,並堅持每月支付超過最低應繳金額。

他坦言,過去低估了利息累積的速度,但如今已建立新的信用卡使用原則。

「我每個月都會全額繳清應付金額,也會嚴格遵守預算。」他表示,透過遠離高利率貸款,不僅能增加儲蓄,也讓自己對退休生活更有信心。

退休規劃越早準備越好

理財失誤可能發生在任何人身上,但準備退休時,犯錯的代價往往更高,能夠修正的時間也相對有限。

文章最後提醒,與其等到退休後才後悔,不如提早從他人的經驗中吸取教訓,建立完善的退休理財規劃,降低未來因財務問題而後悔的可能性。

Open Questions

  • 文章未提及醫療費用在退休開支中的佔比
  • 未說明Judy Shaw出租房屋的具體地點及租金收入
  • 未提供Andrew Reichek還清信用卡債務後的信用評分變化

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