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Back研究:第二型糖尿病患者血壓波動大 死亡風險近3倍
研究:第二型糖尿病患者血壓波動大 死亡風險近3倍
Health
自由时报3 hours agoHealth2 min readChinaView translation

研究:第二型糖尿病患者血壓波動大 死亡風險近3倍

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荷蘭阿姆斯特丹大學醫學中心研究團隊分析英國生物資料庫數據發現,第二型糖尿病患者若收縮壓波動幅度較大,其死亡風險約為血糖正常且血壓穩定者的2.8倍,10年死亡機率估算為2.9%;糖尿病前期者死亡風險增加62%。研究強調血壓波動可能協助識別高風險患者,但無法證明因果關係。

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Why It Matters

該研究分析了英國生物資料庫中5萬7611名參與者的血壓測量數據,參與者平均年齡55.4歲,52%為女性,其中5397人患有糖尿病前期,1470人患有第二型糖尿病,5萬744人血糖正常。研究從參與者累積足夠血壓測量數據開始追蹤,追蹤時間中位數為5.1年。

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〔編譯謝宜哲/綜合報導〕荷蘭1項觀察性研究發現,患有第二型糖尿病且收縮壓波動幅度較大的人,其死亡風險幾乎是血糖正常、血壓讀數較穩定者的3倍。此研究發表在歐洲糖尿病研究協會年會上。

根據科學網站《SciTechDaily》報導,荷蘭阿姆斯特丹大學醫學中心的研究團隊,分析英國生物資料庫中5萬7611名參與者的血壓測量數據。參與者的平均年齡為55.4歲,其中52%為女性。參與者中有5397人患有糖尿病前期,1470人患有第二型糖尿病,5萬744人血糖正常。研究人員從參與者累積足夠血壓測量數據、得以計算其血壓波動程度時開始追蹤,追蹤時間中位數為5.1年。在此期間,共有1460名參與者死亡、571人中風和319人罹患失智症。

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研究團隊分析後發現,在不同研究訪視期間,血壓變化幅度較大的人,在追蹤期間內的死亡風險也較高。與血糖正常且收縮壓波動幅度較小的人相比,患有第二型糖尿病且收縮壓波動幅度較大的人,在追蹤期間內的死亡可能性是前者的2.8倍。

患有糖尿病前期的人也有相似現象,他們與血糖正常且收縮壓波動幅度較小的人相比,死亡風險增加了62%。所謂糖尿病前期是指血糖已高於正常範圍,但尚未達到糖尿病的診斷標準。

在這些比較中,各組參與者的血糖狀況與血壓波動程度都不相同,因此增加的風險不能單純歸因於血壓讀數的波動。為了以絕對風險呈現分析結果,研究人員也估算了10年內的死亡機率。估算結果顯示,血糖正常且收縮壓波動幅度較小者10年死亡機率約為1%,而患有第二型糖尿病且收縮壓波動幅度較大者則約為2.9%。這些數字是對較長期風險的估算,並非研究實際追蹤完整10年後觀察到的死亡率。

研究團隊也注意到,收縮壓、舒張壓、平均動脈壓和脈搏壓的波動幅度越大,也與各種原因所造成的死亡風險越高相關。平均動脈壓是1個心跳週期內動脈壓力的平均值,脈搏壓是收縮壓與舒張壓之間的差值。

在收縮壓方面,波動程度每增加1個標準差,死亡風險便增加11%。在舒張壓方面,相對應的死亡風險則增加8%。研究團隊進一步分析中風風險時,發現舒張壓與平均動脈壓。這2項指標的波動程度每增加1個標準差,中風風險便分別增加12%與10%。標準差反映的是參與者之間血壓波動程度的分散情形,因此研究結果不能直接換算成血壓上升或下降多少毫米汞柱(mmHg)。

研究團隊表示,這是1項觀察性研究,因此無法證明血壓波動會直接導致死亡或中風,但血壓波動程度或許能協助醫療人員辨識出一些原本可能被忽略的高風險患者。未來當患者再次就診、將血壓袖帶纏繞在手臂上測量血壓時,醫療人員或許可以更仔細地關注不同測量時間點之間的變化。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 未來臨床指南可能將血壓波動納入糖尿病患者風險評估指標

    Likely · Within months

  • 相關研究將擴大樣本規模以驗證血壓波動與心血管事件的因果關係

    Possible · Within years

Open Questions

  • 血壓波動的具體臨床干預措施有哪些?
  • 不同種族或地區的人群是否存在類似風險模式?
  • 血壓波動與其他代謝指標(如胰島素抵抗)的交互作用如何?
  • 是否存在降低血壓波動的具體生活方式或藥物干預?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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