
中國杭州42歲女子因純素飲食3年引發維生素B12嚴重不足,確診脊髓亞急性聯合變性。純植行動聯盟指出,這提醒純素者應重視補充,但B12不足非純素者專屬,葷食者也應留意。
中國杭州一名42歲女子因純素飲食3年導致維生素B12嚴重不足,出現神經系統病變。純植行動聯盟指出,此案提醒純素者須重視B12補充,但強調葷食者同樣可能因吸收障礙等原因缺乏,不應將B12缺乏歸咎於僅限吃素。
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中國杭州一42歲女子因純素3年致B12嚴重不足並出現脊髓亞急性聯合變性,引發外界對純素與B12缺乏關聯的討論。
近期中國1名女子純素飲食3年引發B12缺乏,純植行動聯盟認為,確實提醒純素者補充正確營養素,但也認為B12不足非純素者專屬,葷食者亦應注意。
近期傳出中國杭州1名42歲女子因維生素B12嚴重不足,出現雙腳麻木、肢體無力及走路如「踩棉花」等症狀,最後確診脊髓亞急性聯合變性,且該女純素飲食約3年,引起外界關注純素與B12缺乏關聯;純植行動聯盟點出,該案例提醒純素者應重視B12補充,但葷食也同樣要留意B12營養狀態。
維生素B12是維持正常造血、DNA合成及神經系統功能的重要營養素。純植聯盟表示,美國國家衛生研究院(NIH)指出,天然維生素B12主要存在於動物性食品,因此完全不攝取動物性食品的純素者,若無規律使用B12補充劑或B12強化食品,確實較容易攝取不足。
純植聯盟引用英國EPIC-Oxford研究,分析689名男性,包括226名葷食、231名蛋奶素及232名純素,以血清B12低於118 pmol/L作為缺乏標準,結果有52%的純素、7%的蛋奶素及1名葷食符合缺乏標準;平均血清B12濃度也以純素組最低。研究顯示,若未建立可靠B12來源,純素飲食者確實需要特別注意B12營養狀態。
純植聯盟提醒,「有吃動物性食品」並不等於一定不會缺乏B12。人體攝取B12後,還須經胃部及小腸等吸收。NIH指出,高齡者、萎縮性胃炎患者、部分腸胃疾病患者,以及接受過胃部或腸道手術者,都可能因吸收能力下降而發生B12不足。
42歲女子因B12嚴重不足造成神經系統病變的案例,確實提醒純素者應建立穩定且可靠的B12來源;但若因此延伸成「只有吃素才會缺B12」,則與目前醫學資料並不相符。
另一方面,純素飲食的B12風險也並非無法管理。純植聯盟引用2024年《Nutrition Bulletin》研究,純素成年人整體B12相關指標較葷食者低,進一步分析發現,有使用B12補充劑的純素者,其血清B12、活性B12及其他功能性生物指標均較未補充者改善。
純植聯盟表示,對純素者而言,B12補充劑及B12強化食品是重要且可靠的來源;近年亦有研究從植物性飲食(如紫菜或小球藻)攝取B12的機會。對蛋奶素及葷食者而言,也不能因為飲食中含有B12,就認為自己絕對沒有缺乏風險。高齡者、有胃腸疾病、曾接受胃腸手術,或長期服用可能影響B12吸收藥物的人,同樣值得提高警覺。
純植聯盟認為,從醫學角度來看,預防B12缺乏的關鍵,不只是區分「吃素或吃葷」,而是了解自己是否攝取足夠、身體能否正常吸收,以及是否具有其他風險因素。若長期出現手腳麻木、肢體無力、步態異常或不明原因貧血等症狀,應尋求醫療專業評估;不論採取何種飲食方式,建立正確營養知識、適當補充並視需要接受檢驗,才是降低B12缺乏及神經傷害風險的重要方式。

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