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Back中国学者:民族团结新法清晰划定适用边界 有关指责经不起检验
中国学者:民族团结新法清晰划定适用边界 有关指责经不起检验
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中国新闻网41 minutes agoPolitics5 min readChina

中国学者:民族团结新法清晰划定适用边界 有关指责经不起检验

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多位中国学者近日表示,《中华人民共和国民族团结进步促进法》第六十三条清晰划定了域外适用边界,境外舆论将其妄称为“长臂管辖”或“跨境镇压”是恶意混淆与双重标准,经不起法理检验。

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Why It Matters

《中华人民共和国民族团结进步促进法》公布后,境外舆论对该法第六十三条提出“长臂管辖”等指责。

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中新社北京9月9日电 题:中国学者:民族团结新法清晰划定适用边界 有关指责经不起检验

中新社记者 刘军 杜雅楠

自《中华人民共和国民族团结进步促进法》公布以来,不断有境外舆论妄称该法“长臂管辖”,甚至声称第六十三条“跨境镇压”。对此,多位学者近日接受中新社记者采访时指出,中国为民族团结进步立法,清晰划定域外适用边界,境外指责经不起法理检验。

该法第六十三条明确,中华人民共和国境外的组织和个人,针对中华人民共和国实施破坏民族团结进步、制造民族分裂行为的,依法追究法律责任。

华中科技大学法学院院长汪习根表示,准确理解法条,须厘清法律域外适用与“长臂管辖”的基本界限。域外适用非中国法律特有,许多国家在国家安全、反恐、反间谍和刑事犯罪等领域,都对特定境外行为规定了法律责任。

他列举了英、德等国法律的域外适用条文,并指判断域外适用规则是否合理,不能因立法国家不同而采用不同尺度。仅因该法适用于境外就将其归为“长臂管辖”,实为恶意混淆正常的域外适用与不当的域外扩张。

西南民族大学教授田钒平同样指出,仅因民族团结进步促进法条文出现“中华人民共和国境外”表述,便称其“长臂管辖”,既割裂了第六十三条与整部法律的体系联系,也混淆了保护性管辖与不当域外扩张。他提到,有关指责存在不当推导,例如将有关禁止性规范解释为,境外主体普遍负有促进民族团结进步的义务;还如将有关责任衔接规定解释为,可以自动实施的域外制裁。

田钒平说,第六十三条以“针对中华人民共和国”为适用条件,以“破坏民族团结进步、制造民族分裂”限定行为类型,并以“依法追究法律责任”将具体责任衔接至有关法律,清晰划定了条文的适用边界,与保护性管辖所强调的管辖联系具有内在一致性。

“随着网络传播加速及跨境资金流动、组织活动日益频繁,涉民族领域违法行为更容易突破地理边界。”他认为,如果法律只处理发生在境内的最后环节,其风险防范和责任追究机制就会留下缺口。第六十三条补足了法律责任体系的境外适用环节,是整部法律得以落实的重要基础。

“一些境外声音甚至声称,一般性的学术研究及交流活动都可能受到追究。”汪习根说,这种解释忽视了条文中极为重要的“依法追究法律责任”限定。他还指,任何国家都没有理由要求,中国在面对直接危害自身民族团结、国家统一等境外违法行为时主动放弃法律手段。

田钒平说,一些国家只许自己依法设防、不许中国依法维权。这些论调是双重标准,经不起法理检验。

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