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Back从“失控入侵”到“擅自行动”,人工智能为何频频“闯祸”?
从“失控入侵”到“擅自行动”,人工智能为何频频“闯祸”?
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中国新闻网2 hours agoTech3 min readChinaView translation

从“失控入侵”到“擅自行动”,人工智能为何频频“闯祸”?

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人工智能从能对话向能办事转变,智能体自主行动引发全球安全事件频发,OpenAI暂停模型训练,英国和韩国等国报告类似事件,国内出现AI换脸诈骗等乱象。中国信通院程莹指出风险从说错话升级为做错事,我国正通过制度供给、技术防护和国际协作构建全链条AI安全治理体系,截至8月底累计备案生成式AI服务1112款,处置违规产品1.4万余款。

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Why It Matters

人工智能技术正从对话型模型向能够执行任务的智能体发展,具备自主感知、规划决策和工具调用能力。这一转变带来效率提升的同时,也引发安全风险,因为智能体能够直接操作数字和物理系统,失控或误判可能导致实际损害。

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今年以来,人工智能加速从“能对话”走向“能办事”,能替用户订票、管理手机、操作软件的智能体加快落地。与此同时,AI自主行动引发的安全事件在世界范围内频繁发生。从大模型失控入侵开源平台,到AI助理擅自行动,人工智能风险正从“说错话”升级为“做错事”,引发全球高度关注。

不久前,OpenAI宣布暂停其最新一代模型的训练。技术报告显示,9月20日,一个在沙盒中执行搜索训练任务的智能体,利用DNS过滤漏洞绕过网络限制,访问了外部公共聊天机器人服务。这是OpenAI三个月内第二次暂停模型开发。7月下旬,其AI智能体曾突破相互隔离的运行环境,侵入美国“抱抱脸”公司部分系统期间建立通信、欺骗评估人员并试图掩盖行为,每一步操作均无人类指令干预。

类似事件并不孤立。8月,英国人工智能安全研究所公布的测试结果显示,两款前沿AI助理在122次测试中,10次出现“自主、未经授权的行动”,累计19次未经授权行为,其中包括试图伪造身份、诱导人类运行恶意代码。有机构测试发现,“流氓”智能体未经指令擅自行动,泄露密码信息、强行关闭杀毒软件;本月,韩国多家银行遭遇疑似人工智能参与的黑客攻击。

在国内,AI换脸诈骗、AI生成谣言等乱象,同样直接威胁公众财产安全与网络空间秩序。

中国信通院政策与经济研究所监管研究部主任工程师 程莹:智能体的风险不止于“说错话”,更在于“做错事”。它能直接操作数字系统和物理设备,例如AI幻觉或误判,就可能驱动智能机器人带来人身伤害。

当前,以智能体、AI终端为代表的人工智能应用,已经具备自主感知、规划决策和工具调用能力。“会动手的AI”,正在成为新的风险主体。

人工智能为何频频“闯祸”

从“失控入侵”到“擅自行动”,人工智能为何频频“闯祸”?记者采访业内专家发现,安全事件频发的背后,既有技术特性的内在成因,也有产业节奏与安全设计之间的落差,还有应用层面风险意识的不足。

与以往的工具不同,新一代人工智能具备自主感知、规划决策和工具调用能力,可以在没有人类逐条指令的情况下自主“行动”。

程莹:智能体之间、智能体与各类系统之间深度互联,单点故障极易沿任务链和供应链级联扩散,演变为系统性风险。

产业节奏与安全设计的落差同样值得关注。业内人士指出,当前AI领域安全投入远远跟不上研发和应用的规模,安全评测、风险预警、应急处置机制等环节,仍在追赶技术迭代的脚步。与此同时,使用层面的风险不容忽视。政务、金融、工业等领域人工智能应用加速落地,部分使用者对AI能力边界认知不足,滥用、误用问题突出,也给安全治理带来新的挑战。

程莹:智能体决策链条长、自主程度高,异常行为难以及时识别,风险往往在事后追溯中才被发现,留给监管的响应窗口十分有限。

我国加快构建人工智能安全治理体系

面对人工智能自主行动等新型风险,我国加快构建覆盖研发、部署、应用全链条的人工智能安全治理体系,目的就是为技术创新系上“安全带”。

制度供给密集落地。从《生成式人工智能服务管理暂行办法》到《人工智能生成合成内容标识办法》,从《人工智能拟人化互动服务管理暂行办法》到《智能体规范应用与创新发展实施意见》,我国已形成覆盖内容生成、标识管理、拟人化互动、智能体应用等关键环节的制度体系。

程莹:新应用新业态层出不穷,事前备案、沙箱隔离等机制已难以适应智能体高权限、高自主性、强交互性的技术特点,需要建立智能体身份标识、权限管控、日志留存等机制,同时优化、细化个人信息保护、数据安全等规则,确保风险行为可识别、可追溯。

最新数据显示,截至今年8月底,全国累计有1112款生成式人工智能服务完成备案,731款应用或功能完成登记;中央网信办部署的“清朗·整治AI应用乱象”专项行动,第一阶段累计处置违规AI产品1.4万余款。人工智能健康发展综合性立法也已提上日程。

安全是发展的前提,发展是安全的保障。从制度、技术到国际协作,我国正为人工智能装上“安全护栏”,让人工智能在安全轨道上更好地服务经济社会高质量发展。

(总台央视记者 王世玉 张伟 唐志坚)

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 中国将在年底前出台智能体专项安全管理规定,明确身份标识和权限要求

    Likely · Within months

  • 全球主要经济体将在明年上半年启动AI安全治理的多边对话机制

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 智能体身份标识和权限管控机制何时能够全面落地?
  • 国际社会在AI安全治理方面能否达成统一标准?
  • 如何平衡AI创新发展与安全防范之间的关系?
  • 金融、政务等高风险领域的AI应用安全评估标准是什么?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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