
江苏省中医院专家陈敏解读:慢性疲劳综合征的成因、中医辨证调理及生活方式干预
若持续半年以上出现不明原因的严重疲劳、记忆力减退及肌肉酸痛,且医院检查无异常,可能患有慢性疲劳综合征。江苏省中医院专家陈敏建议通过中医辨证论治及生活方式调整,从五脏气血入手进行系统调理。
AI-generated summary
慢性疲劳综合征全球发病率约为1%,且呈逐年上升趋势。中医将其归为“虚劳”、“郁证”等范畴,核心病机为本虚标实。
明明睡足了八小时,醒来却像没睡;刚开口说几句话,气就短了;哪怕躺着不动,浑身也像灌了铅……如果这种状态缠着你超过半年,还伴有记性变差、注意力散乱、肌肉酸痛、心慌胸闷,但去医院又查不出“毛病”,那么,你要警惕了,这可能不是“懒”,而是一种需要正规治疗的疾病——慢性疲劳综合征。
据统计,该病全球发病率约为1%,且呈逐年上升趋势。本期《中医专病》,我们特邀江苏省中医院普内科副主任、副主任中医师陈敏,带大家认清这个披着“疲劳”外衣的隐形健康杀手,并从中医“虚劳”视角出发,解读五脏失调背后的调理之道。
专家名片:
陈敏,江苏省中医院普内科副主任、硕士研究生导师,全国第七批名老中医刘沈林学术经验继承人,兼任江苏省中医药学会青年中医研究委员会副主委、中医经典病房专委会委员,中华中医药学会中医诊断分会委员、南京中医药学会脾胃病专委会委员。从事中医内科临床、教学、科研十余年,先后师从国医大师徐景藩、全国名中医刘沈林、省名医孙雪梅,擅长中西医结合辨证施治内科常见病、胃肠病、贫血、虚劳,调治气血亏虚、肾虚、湿阻、气滞血瘀等亚健康状态与月经失调、更年期综合征,专攻疲劳综合征、复发性口腔溃疡、汗证,在肿瘤术后扶正固本调养方面临床经验丰厚。
不是矫情,是真的病了 认清慢性疲劳综合征
疲劳太常见了,但不是每一种都得看医生。陈敏指出,普通生理性疲劳一般由加班、熬夜或剧烈运动引起,休息一两天即可恢复,没有持续性酸痛、心慌等不适,饮食睡眠正常,这种情况无需过度担心。
再严重一点的是亚健康疲劳,这种疲劳要持续一两周甚至一个月,休息后只能缓解一小会儿,常伴有头晕、肩颈酸痛、睡眠浅、情绪烦躁。此时去医院检查,各项指标可能依然正常。但这已是中医“治未病”的关键窗口,这时候及时调整作息、饮食和心态,大概率能快速逆转。
“最棘手的,是病理性的慢性疲劳综合征。”陈敏提到,它不是感觉累就能确诊的,而是有严格的诊断标准:不明原因的严重疲劳,休息后也缓解不了,持续6个月以上,同时可能伴有低热、头痛、喉咙痛、肌肉关节痛、情绪低落、失眠、记性变差、注意力不集中,甚至脖子或腋下能摸到小小的淋巴结肿大,但检查又没有异常。
一切检查都正常,为什么人却这么累?陈敏介绍,慢性疲劳综合征没有单一病因,往往是多个因素一起“发力”。其中,长期精神内耗排在首位,思虑过重、精神紧绷是最耗气血的。此外,熬夜和饮食不节是两大“加速器”,它们直接损伤脾胃,导致气血生化无源。再加上现代人普遍久坐、久视,进一步加重了气血淤滞。
临床上,这类患者大多是25到50岁的中青年,医生、护士、教师、程序员、金融从业者等是高发人群,他们是典型的体力和脑力“双重透支”。
“持续的疲劳是五脏精气一点点耗竭的信号。”陈敏说。若不及时干预,病情可能慢慢加重,活动后久久缓不过来、全身疼痛、胸闷出汗、失眠加剧,甚至出现代谢紊乱、脱发、月经不调、性功能减退,还可能继发焦虑、抑郁等精神问题。
中医辨治“虚劳” 精准分型调五脏
现代医学目前没有特效药治疗慢性疲劳综合征,只能针对失眠、酸痛、焦虑等症状做对症处理。而中医把这类病归为“虚劳”“郁证”“脏躁”,核心病机是“本虚标实、虚实夹杂”,它不是单纯的“虚”,身体里还淤着“堵”和“乱”。
“中医辨证论治,优势在于整体调治,不止是缓解疲劳和酸痛,更是调理五脏气血,从根源上防止复发。”陈敏解释,医生会根据你是肝郁、气虚、阴虚还是痰湿,精准分型,开出适合你的方子。除了中药内服,还可以搭配针灸、推拿、刮痧、艾灸等外治方法,内外协同。
轻症通过改变生活方式加简易中医干预就能预防,而重症患者经过规范治疗,能阻断病情向代谢疾病、重度焦虑抑郁等方向恶化。根据临床经验,绝大多数患者通过规范治疗可以实现临床治愈。病程半年至一年的轻症者,综合调理1~3个月即可恢复;病程两年以上或合并其他问题的重症患者,坚持3~6个月规范治疗,也能消除核心症状,后续靠日常养护就行。
“治愈后若规律作息、平稳情志、健康饮食,极少复发,但如果持续精神高压、暴饮暴食、过度内耗,疾病就容易迁延反复。”陈敏特别提醒。
从饮食、作息到运动 全方位重启身体能量
想要摆脱慢性疲劳综合征,除了药物治疗,生活方式的改变才是关键。
陈敏建议23点前入睡,午睡不超过1小时,避免久卧伤气;每天30分钟温和运动,快走、八段锦、慢走都行,避免高强度剧烈锻炼;久坐办公每40分钟起身活动,疏通气血;戒生冷冰饮、重油重辣,不要过度节食,三餐定时定量,养护脾胃;连续看手机、电脑不超过1小时,及时闭目养神5分钟,防止久视伤血;减少精神内耗,每天留10分钟放空自己,长期高压人群定期做疏肝理气调理。
同时,专家推荐四款适配不同体质的简易养生茶方,温和调补,适配日常饮用。
肝郁脾虚,伴随乏力烦躁、腹胀嗳气、情绪压抑者,可饮用玫瑰陈皮茶,取玫瑰花3g、陈皮5g开水冲泡,能疏肝理气、健脾和胃,温和不滋腻;
心脾两虚,存在心慌健忘、失眠乏力、面色暗沉问题者,推荐黄芪桂圆红枣茶,取黄芪5g、桂圆2颗、红枣1枚冲泡,补气养血、养心安神,易上火体质可减少桂圆用量;
肝肾阴虚、长期熬夜、眼干潮热人群,适配枸杞麦冬菊花茶,取枸杞6g、麦冬5g、菊花3g,可滋阴明目、清解虚火;
脾肾阳虚、畏寒怕冷、大便稀溏者,可饮用生姜红枣肉桂茶,取生姜2片、红枣2枚、少许肉桂冲泡,温阳散寒,阴虚潮热人群禁止饮用。

Director of Hong Yongxiang Clinic pointed out that Mr. Chen, a patient with chronic renal failure, drank coffee with sugar and creamer every day, which led to high blood phosphorus and declining kidney function. However, he emphasized that coffee itself does not damage the kidneys, and the key is how he drinks it. It is recommended to choose sugar-free black coffee, avoid creamer and refined sugar, and mix it with an appropriate amount of extra cold-pressed virgin olive oil at high speed to reduce health burden and protect the kidneys.

A research team from Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in China analyzed the data of more than 458,000 adults in the British Biobank and found that those with pre-sarcopenia and sarcopenia have an increased risk of infection, especially with respiratory infections and sepsis. The study points out that regular strength training can help maintain muscle health, but it cannot prove that muscle loss directly causes an increase in infections.

The article points out that controlling blood lipids requires not only reducing fat intake, but also paying attention to the endogenous fat converted from polished rice and white flour. The elderly should choose oils rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as olive oil, tea seed oil, etc., eat egg yolks in moderation to obtain the benefits of lecithin, and replace some refined white rice noodles with whole grains such as oats and buckwheat to increase soluble dietary fiber to absorb cholesterol and promote excretion.

The Kaohsiung Hunei Digital Opportunity Center partnered with the Gongguan Community to launch a cloud-based health assessment tool, helping seniors measure and archive their blood pressure and heart rate daily in the cloud for easy medical reference and family sharing, improving healthcare quality for the elderly, with plans to expand to more communities.

Public health physician Cai Bingjian cited an interim analysis in the magazine "Food & Function" and pointed out that in the trial of Mediterranean diet plus probiotics, the metabolite changes of Spanish elderly participants showed an increase in the flexibility of energy switching, and some metabolites were related to cognitive scores. However, the study was only a correlation analysis and could not claim to prevent dementia.

A food poisoning incident broke out at Café de Coral, a Hong Kong-style restaurant in Tianhe City Mall in Panyu, Guangzhou, on the evening of August 28. As of September 4, a total of 14 people felt unwell, and 12 of them were sent to the hospital. A 13-year-old boy developed severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea after eating Gillette pork chop and egg fried rice with Italian meat sauce. He developed severe dehydration, confusion, and shock. He was urgently transferred to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of Panyu Central Hospital, and the hospital issued a critical illness notice. The Guangzhou Panyu District Market Supervision Bureau has intervened in the investigation and requires comprehensive disinfection and sterilization and improvement of food processing procedures. The inspection results have not yet been released. The person in charge of the Café de Coral brand stated that the store has been closed for rectification. It is initially suspected that the eggs are contaminated, and the store will adjust the food supply method and strictly manage the catering production and environmental sanitation of all its stores.