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Back德国选择党在萨克森-安哈尔特州选举中胜出,移民议题并非决定因素
德国选择党在萨克森-安哈尔特州选举中胜出,移民议题并非决定因素
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德国之声1 hour agoPolitics2 min readChinaView translation

德国选择党在萨克森-安哈尔特州选举中胜出,移民议题并非决定因素

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德国选择党(AfD)在萨克森-安哈尔特州议会选举中获胜,尽管被认定为右翼极端主义,但移民议题在选民决策中仅占次要地位,社会保障、欧洲和平和经济政策更受关注。AfD在多个议题上领先基民盟,尤其在打击犯罪和庇护政策方面支持度是其两倍。选举结果被视为对联邦政府的惩罚,AfD成功动员此前非选民参与投票,投票率升至近78%。该党在蓝领工人和自由职业者中支持度高,但尚未获得过半数席位,需寻找执政伙伴以组建州政府。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

萨克森-安哈尔特州是德国外籍居民比例最低的州之一,外国人口约占9%,低于全国平均的15%。该州经济实力较弱,工资水平低,高技能人才流失严重。德国选择党在此地被宪法保护局认定为右翼极端主义政党。

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(德国之声中文网)德国选择党(AfD)的核心标志,是鼓动人民反对难民以及大量移民。不过,难民议题在本次萨克森-安哈尔特州选举中,似乎并未起到决定性作用。民意调查机构infratest dimap在选举当日进行的投票分析证实了这一点。

分析显示,移民问题在选民的决策中,仅占次要地位,而社会保障、欧洲和平以及经济政策等议题则重要得多。在AfD的选民当中,移民问题也不占首要地位。萨州属于德国外籍居民比例最低的州:外国人口比例约为9%,远低于约15%的全国平均水平。

萨安州同时也是德国经济实力最弱的小州之一,工资水平低于其它州,高技能人才缺失现象更严重,几十年来,高素质专业人才外流一直困扰着该州。

值得注意的是,在萨安州,德国选择党虽然被宪法保护局认定为右翼极端主义政党,但在所有领域,它都战胜了由现任州长舒尔茨(Sven Schulze)领导的基督教民主联盟。认为AfD在打击犯罪或庇护政策方面更有所作为的人数,是CDU的两倍,即便在CDU的传统核心议题即经济领域,AfD也领先对手。

民调显示:德国选择党更贴近民众

德国选择党显然成功地与基层老百姓建立了特殊联系。在由infrastest dimap进行的一项调查中,67%的选民表示,AfD更能理解民众的安全感问题。超过半数的受访者认为,与其他政党相比,德国选择党更能体会普通民众的忧虑。

许多人不仅感到被AfD理解,而且还认为,该党最有可能解决本州的实际问题。当被问及哪个政党目前最能应对未来的挑战时,尤其在年轻人群体,最常提及的便是德国选择党。不仅如此,在年长选民中,德国选择党也同样领先。

相比之下,德国总理默茨领导的政党的选举结果则是灾难性的。在年轻选民中,只有5%的人认为基民盟有能力找到应对未来问题的最佳方案,3%的人认为社民党有能力做到这一点。这个结论令人震惊。

给默茨总理敲响警钟

萨安州的选民显然希望通过这次选举给柏林敲响警钟:59%的受访者表示,选举结果是联邦政府理应得到的惩罚。作为此次选举的最大输家,基民盟最直接地感受到民众的愤怒:58%的受访者告知,他们最讨厌的是总理所在的政党。

因此,不难理解,基民盟州级党部为什么没有请求默茨本人参与助选,因为民众对其表现不满意,默茨的声望更是跌至历史最低点。在一份对政治人物满意度排名中,他远远落后于AfD党主席以及执政伙伴社民党。

AfD在所有人口群体中都取得了显著进展,尤其是在蓝领工人和自由职业者那里。近三分之二的蓝领工人以及超过一半的自由工作者,把票投给了该党。

尽管该党在男性和女性选民中都有所斩获,但男性选民仍是最主要的:该党获得了52%的男性选票,女性选票占32%。尽管如此,它也是女性选民中最强大的政党。

德国选择党的成功,还归功于它强大的动员能力,大量以前的非选民本次参与了投票,让本次选举的投票率上升至近78%,而AfD从这一群体中获得的选票比其他任何政党都要多。

听其言观其行

政治学教授多布纳(Petra Dobner)在德国电视一台的采访中表示,从历史角度来看,这是一个意义重大的时刻,因为在一个德国的联邦州,将近一半的选民,能够想象让一个极右翼政党上台执政。

不过,她认为还要听其言、观其行,“AfD究竟能在多大程度上改变这个州,还有待观察”。

多布纳表示,“我们肯定会在未来几个月里,看到一些变化。学校、文化等领域将面临很大压力。但AfD也做出了一些承诺,这样说吧:如果他们兑现承诺,那当然是好事,例如,在改善基础设施等。但问题是,资金从哪里来。“

能成功组阁吗?

接下来要看德国选项党能否在萨安州成功组阁。该州议会共有83个席位,42席为过半数,AfD得到39席,不能单独执政,需要找到一个执政伙伴。由于基民盟、社民党、绿党和左翼党均表示不会同德国选项党联合执政,剩下唯一可能同AfD执政的是从左翼党分裂出来的BSW。如果它们联合执政,能在议会得到44个议席。

按照法律,新一届州议会必须在州议会选举后30天之内成立,但新一届州长何时由新议员选出,目前尚不清楚,这段期间内,老州长继续代理执政。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 德国选择党将与来自左翼党的分裂组织BSW进行联合执政谈判,以在萨克森-安哈尔特州议会获得过半数席位。

    Likely · Within weeks

  • 萨克森-安哈尔特州的学校和文化领域将在未来几个月面临来自德国选择党执政压力的政策审查或调整。

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 德国选择党是否能够在萨克森-安哈尔特州成功组阁?
  • 如果与BSW联合执政,该联盟在政策上能否保持稳定?
  • 德国选择党的上台是否会导致该州在学校、文化等领域出现实际政策变化?
  • 联邦政府是否会因此次选举结果调整其在移民和社会政策上的方向?

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This article was originally published by 德国之声.

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