
輝達創辦人辭去執行長職務,但受管制晶片流向中國的爭議持續發酵,國會與川普政府內部出現分歧。
輝達創辦人兼執行長黃仁勳辭職,由財務長克雷斯暫代。受管制AI晶片流向中國的爭議持續發酵,美國智庫研究員張崑陽呼籲華府徹查晶片流向與最終用途。國會兩黨推動多項法案堵漏,財政部長貝森特公開質疑商務部長盧特尼克遲遲未將涉嫌轉運晶片的「Megaspeed」列入出口限制名單。
AI-generated summary
輝達創辦人黃仁勳辭去執行長職務,由財務長克雷斯暫代。受管制AI晶片流向中國的爭議持續發酵,美國智庫研究員張崑陽呼籲華府徹查晶片流向與最終用途。國會兩黨推動多項法案堵漏,財政部長貝森特公開質疑商務部長盧特尼克遲遲未將涉嫌轉運晶片的「Megaspeed」列入出口限制名單。
輝達(NVIDIA)執行長黃仁勳12日辭職。(歐新社)
〔即時新聞/綜合報導〕輝達(NVIDIA)創辦人黃仁勳雖已辭去執行長職務,但圍繞在先進AI晶片流向中國的政治風暴非但未隨之平息,反而在華府引爆更大的漣漪效應。美國智庫研究員張崑陽指出,數十億美元的AI項目、中國軍事科研機構的算力需求,以及美國政府的監管責任不會因黃仁勳離任而消失;他認為華府必須徹查究竟有多少美國先進AI算力透過各種管道流入中國,並釐清其中有多少最終被用於共軍現代化。
張崑陽13日在臉書發文表示,自己連續接受《路透社》三篇報導專訪,剖析黃仁勳離任後的華府政策動向與晶片出口管制漏洞。他強調,目前雖無公開證據顯示黃仁勳故意洩密或違反出口管制,相關調查仍須遵循正當程序,但國會依舊能傳召他作證;而由財務長克雷斯(Colette Kress)暫代執行長的輝達,也勢必面臨國會針對公司內部監督、東南亞中介商交易及中國軍方關聯機構的嚴厲質詢。
這場風波的焦點之一,在於中國市場對受管制晶片的龐大暗流。根據《路透社》最新獨家調查,在爬梳超過150份中國採購公告、投資計畫與企業文件後,發現中國境內有總值逾230億人民幣(約32億美元)的AI運算項目(含機房與基建投資),計畫或已經採用受美國出口管制的輝達H100、H200及H800晶片。此外,儘管輝達對外宣稱幾乎失去中國AI資料中心市場,但國際數據資訊(IDC)數據顯示,今年上半年輝達仍佔中國AI加速器出貨量約34%。
針對管制出現破口,張崑陽在受訪時警告,中國機構常透過第三方企業、資料中心及雲端服務間接取得GPU算力,因此華府的出口管制不能只停留在審查「表面買家」,更必須追查「最終使用者」與實際用途,釐清這些算力的實際用途。
晶片流向爭議也正式燒進川普政府內部與美國國會。美國財政部長貝森特日前受訪時罕見公開質疑商務部長盧特尼克(Howard Lutnick),直指財政部、國防部、國務院及美國貿易代表辦公室早在數月前便支持將涉嫌替中國轉運晶片的「Megaspeed」列入出口限制名單,但握有最終決定權的商務部卻遲遲未動手,貝森特更直言「決定權在商務部」。
與此同時,美國國會的態度也出現劇烈轉向。眾議院議長強生(Mike Johnson)透露,國會正逐漸形成收緊對中先進晶片出口的共識;就連過往對出口管制態度曖昧的參議院銀行委員會主席、共和黨籍參議員史考特(Tim Scott),也一反常態要求黃仁勳與商務部長出席聽證會。目前國會兩黨正積極推動多項法案,擬從強化晶片位置追蹤、限制中企租用海外AI算力,以及加強國會對出口許可的監督等層面全面堵漏。
最後,張崑陽認為,華府有必要真正查清楚,到底有多少美國先進 AI 運算能力,透過不同渠道進入中國,又有多少最終可能被用於解放軍的軍事現代化。「這場風波,還有很多事情未有答案,但肯定會愈演愈烈。」
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
美國國會將舉行聽證會,傳召黃仁勳與商務部長出席。
Very likely · Within weeks
美國出口管制政策將進一步收緊,針對晶片位置追蹤與中企租用海外AI算力進行限制。
Likely · Within months

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