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Back自由開講》長者免健保費 誰替這張支票買單?
自由開講》長者免健保費 誰替這張支票買單?
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自由时报3 hours agoOpinion4 min readChinaView translation

自由開講》長者免健保費 誰替這張支票買單?

所得稅率未達20%的65歲以上長者健保費改由中央全額補助,遭質疑缺乏穩定財源、由下一代買單。

Quick Look

立法院三讀通過《老人福利法》修正草案,明定65歲以上長者所得稅率未達20%者由中央全額補助健保費。作者黃金舜批評此為缺乏穩定財源的政治支票,排富門檻形同虛設,將加重年輕受薪階級負擔並排擠其他社福資源。

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Why It Matters

立法院於10月16日三讀通過《老人福利法》第22條修正案,針對一定所得標準以下的長者補助健保費。

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◎ 黃金舜

立法院10月16日三讀通過《老人福利法》修正草案,所得稅率未達20%的65歲以上長者,健保費改由中央全額補助。表面上是敬老,實則是未充分交代穩定財源,由下一代買單的政治支票。

立法院會10月16日三讀通過《老人福利法》第22條修正案,近1年綜合所得未達申報標準或綜所稅稅率未達20%的長輩,由中央主管機關補助全額健保費。(中央社資料照)

我今年67歲,是一名長者,也長期參與藥事與健保政策之規劃、倡議及執行。我支持政府照顧弱勢長者,但不認同僅以年齡為標準。本次修法之「排富」條款,門檻是所得稅率未達20%,以115年度累進稅率,綜合所得淨額需大於1,380,001 元(138萬零1元),目前485萬名長者中約403萬名符合資格,比率高達83%,該條款幾乎形同虛設。且將使擁有多筆房產、存款及股利收入的退休者,可能因課稅所得未達門檻獲得補助;而正在養育子女、繳房貸的受薪者,反須透過稅金或調漲保費承擔。依照衛福部推估,若由保費支應,20至64歲主要勞動人口平均每人年約增加2,690元;若以稅收支應,每個納稅家庭年約增加5,720元。

此政策首年約需400億元,隨高齡人口增加,支出將持續攀升。未來恐增加稅收、調高健保費,或因預算撥補排擠長照、兒少福利、癌症新藥及偏鄉醫療等重要政策。只告訴長者「您不用繳」,卻不敢說清楚「由誰來繳」,是不負責任的治理。

若要擴大健保費補助,應以家戶所得及資產作為標準,納入房產、股利、利息與退休所得,並提出完整財源與長期財務影響報告。此外,本次修法反而刪除了針對年長者之部分負擔及健保未涵蓋醫療費用的補助規定,僅「健保費」部分全額補助,這恐將使真正有醫療需求者,反而失去健保費以外的其他實質補助。

若要擴大健保費補助,應以家戶所得及資產作為標準,納入房產、股利、利息與退休所得,並提出完整財源與長期財務影響報告。(資料照)

退步言之,若要針對高齡者做補助,114年度國人平均壽命已達81.27歲,國內已有研究指出,老年人口及相關政策之劃分,應以平均餘命作為分界,如我本身67歲依然健康,若真要擴大補助長者,年齡或以75歲較為適當,且應如前述規劃財源以及以家戶所得及資產作為排富依據。

健保是社會保險而非選舉贈品,核心精神應是量能負擔、分散風險及世代互助。應對弱勢者予以適度協助,有能力者共則同維護,方能永續。敬老非人人免費,沒有財源、缺乏實質排富的福利並非德政,而是把今天的掌聲,變成明天下一代的帳單。

(作者為台灣大健康醫事聯盟協會理事長暨藥師公會全聯會榮譽理事長)

Open Questions

  • 政府將如何籌措首年400億元的龐大經費?
  • 未來是否會真正落實家戶所得與資產的實質排富?

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