
中國電動車在泰國市占率暴增逾8成,衝擊當地日本車企供應鏈與勞工權益,引發泰國智庫反思。
隨著中國電動車企大舉進駐泰國設廠,市占率由4年前近零飆升至逾8成,擠壓傳統日本車企並重創當地零組件供應鏈與勞工權益。泰國智庫直言負面影響超乎預期,經驗恐成歐美借鏡。
AI-generated summary
日本車企自1960年代起赴泰國設廠,使泰國成為東南亞汽車製造中心。近年中國電動車大舉進入,市占率快速暴增。
中國電動車龍頭大廠比亞迪(BYD)。(歐新社)
〔編譯盧永山/綜合報導〕隨著中國汽車製造商大舉前往泰國設廠,中國電動車在泰國的市占率從4年前趨近於零暴增到逾8成,讓泰國智庫直呼,泰國受到的負面影響比原先所想的更為嚴重,如今正付出代價。泰國的經驗也顯示,向中國電動車敞開大門,可能帶來意想不到的後果。
《紐約時報》報導,過去5年間,中國電動車龍頭比亞迪(BYD)在泰國汽車製造中心羅勇府建造海外第一家工廠,占地面積相當於180個足球場。從該廠往南約30公里,長城汽車接收了一家曾由美國通用汽車營運的工廠。
在此之前,泰國車市的主導者一直是日本車企,他們從1960年代開始赴泰國設廠,建立供應鏈,並把泰國變成「東方的底特律」。如今,中國車企在泰國電動車市場的市占率從4年前的趨近於零暴增至85%,日本車企因遲遲未能走向電動化而舉步維艱,2024和2025年,速霸陸和鈴木汽車陸續關閉在泰國的工廠,日產汽車和本田汽車則縮減了產量。
這導致一些依賴日本車企的泰國汽車零件供應商相繼破產,威脅到僱用了近70萬名工人的供應鏈。
隸屬於泰國總理府的智庫「國家經濟與社會發展委員會」(NESDC)主席素帕武(Supavud Saicheua)表示:「這一切發生得比我們預想的要快得多,我們當初沒有考慮到全局,泰國受到的負面影響遠比我們預想的嚴重。」
泰國的經驗也顯示,向中國電動車敞開大門,可能帶來意想不到的後果,這個教訓可能會在其他地方引發共鳴,尤其是歐盟和美國。
泰國政府正試圖控制中國電動車大舉湧入,今年9月公布了一套分級稅制,對沒有本地生產計劃、純進口車輛的車企徵收最高稅率,對本地零件採購比例高的車企則徵收最低稅率。
但泰國法政大學供應鏈管理教授Ruth Banomyong表示,幾乎沒有證據顯示,泰國從開放中國電動車大舉進口中獲益,因為中國車企是在「封閉的生態系統」中運作,核心技術仍掌握在中國,泰國企業很難打入他們的供應鏈。
根據統計,今年前7個月,泰國出售的電動車中約有三分之二是進口車,主要來自中國。
此外,泰國規模最大的工會之一、泰國汽車勞工大會主席托索蓬(Tossophol Kunsri)表示,中國電動車企拒絕成立工會,且經常與工人簽訂短期合約,完成短期生產後就將工人解僱,還不支付資遣費;相較之下,日本車企和工會就保持相互尊重的關係,願意就每年的加薪和獎金與工會談判。
托索蓬指出,他已就中國電動車企違反勞權的做法向泰國政府投訴,勞工部長已同意展開調查。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
泰國勞工部將對中國電動車企違反勞權做法展開調查
Very likely · Within weeks

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