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Back超强厄尔尼诺来袭,如何影响海南?
超强厄尔尼诺来袭,如何影响海南?
NEWS
中国新闻网3 hours agoEnvironment5 min readChinaView translation

超强厄尔尼诺来袭,如何影响海南?

海南省气候中心预计今年冬季至明年春季气温偏高,但冷暖波动大,需警惕阶段性干旱与低温阴雨

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2026年9月赤道中东太平洋形成超强厄尔尼诺事件。海南省气候中心指出其对海南的影响已显现,预计冬季至春季气温偏高且波动大,存在阶段性干旱与低温阴雨风险,建议公众关注官方预警并做好防灾准备。

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Why It Matters

2026年9月赤道中东太平洋形成超强厄尔尼诺事件,强度为系统监测以来最强。历史数据显示厄尔尼诺对海南的气候影响具有滞后性。

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中新网海口11月6日电 (符晓虹 袁迎蕾 朱晶晶)2026年9月,赤道中东太平洋已经正式形成一次东部型超强厄尔尼诺事件,预计秋末冬初达到峰值,其强度已经成为有系统性监测以来最强的一次。本次厄尔尼诺对地处热带的海南岛带来什么影响?公众如何应对?

厄尔尼诺影响已经有所显现

海南省气候中心主任吴慧表示,本次厄尔尼诺的影响其实已经有所显现。表现在今年汛期以来,影响海南省的热带气旋个数偏少,全省平均气温持续偏高、高温日数明显偏多,其中夏季平均气温位居历史同期第二高,10月全省平均气温打破历史同期最高纪录;前汛期5-7月各月全省平均降水量持续偏少,气象干旱反复。与厄尔尼诺发展年海南气候异常的典型响应相似。后汛期8-10月全省平均降水量转为偏多,但时空分布极为不均匀,强区域性暴雨过程多,9月甚至出现综合强度居本省历史第四强、9月最强的特重度区域性暴雨过程。

吴慧认为,这反映出厄尔尼诺协同多因子影响加剧了海南省极端天气气候事件的发生。当前,超强厄尔尼诺对海南省的滞后性影响尤其需要引起重视。

科学研究揭示,厄尔尼诺对气候的影响与海温变化往往是不同步的,大气环流对海温异常的响应和调整需要一定时间,一般在厄尔尼诺的次年影响较为明显。

海南省气候中心预计,今年冬季到明年春季,海南省平均气温偏高,但这并不意味着整个冬天都会比较暖和。冬季冷暖起伏较大,可能呈现前期明显偏暖、中期偏冷、后期快速回暖的特点,低温阴雨影响总体属于中度年景。

降雨方面,预计冬季海南省降雨量略偏多,春季略偏少。其中,海南岛中部、西部和南部地区可能出现阶段性气象干旱。

历史“教训”:海南曾被它“折腾”得不轻

对海南来说,厄尔尼诺不是“远方新闻”,而是真真切切的经济账和民生账。

吴慧介绍,根据1961年以来的资料统计,春夏开始的厄尔尼诺年,当年影响海南的热带气旋个数偏少、但强度偏强,汛期降水偏少、高温日数偏多的概率都不同程度增大,次年极端天气气候事件发生的概率也会增加。

回顾历史,2015—2016年的超强厄尔尼诺事件给海南带来不小的影响。2015年当年汛期海南岛高温日数异常偏多,气象干旱持续时间长、范围广,叠加强台风“彩虹”影响;冬季至次年春夏季先后出现大范围阶段性低温阴雨、清明风、高温干旱和特重度区域性暴雨过程。对农业、供水和电力运行带来不小的压力,森林防火任务也有所加重。

这些历史经验更宜作为风险提示:在厄尔尼诺背景下,提前做好水资源调度、农业防灾和电力保供等准备,有助于降低不利影响。

面对超强厄尔尼诺,公众该如何“接招”?

气象部门表示,从生活方面来看,今年冬季冷暖起伏比较大,尤其是中期可能会出现明显降温,公众要及时关注天气变化,适时增减衣物,预防感冒等呼吸道疾病。

从农业生产来看,需要重点关注冬季低温阴雨和春季阶段性气象干旱两方面的影响。

不过吴慧也提醒,超强厄尔尼诺带来区域性、阶段性气候趋势异常,会提升极端天气气候事件发生概率,但不代表随时随地发生。不宜将所有天气气候异常简单归因于厄尔尼诺,也不要轻信网络“极端天气预报”等不实信息。气候监测、预报和灾害预警应以官方渠道为准,主动甄别传言,不信谣、不传谣。

吴慧说,在气候变暖与厄尔尼诺叠加下,高温、暴雨、阶段性干旱可能更频繁。公众应更新传统天气经验,避免“往年无灾、今年无忧”的侥幸心理,把防灾准备融入日常。出行、户外作业、短途出游前主动查询预报预警,合理调整行程和作业计划,避免冒险。要熟悉居住地、工作地周边的低洼地带、山洪隐患点、边坡危岩、河道沟渠等风险区域,在当地预警信号生效期间,切勿靠近危险区域。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 海南省冬季至明年春季气温偏高,且冷暖起伏较大。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 具体极端天气的发生频率与强度预测
  • 农业受灾的具体经济损失评估

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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