
广东省中医院心理睡眠科副主任医师郑莉明和神经内科主治医师刘文琛指出,睡眠问题和情绪问题互为因果,提醒公众注意情绪低落、注意力难以集中、失眠或嗜睡等信号,并介绍了中医辨证施治的方法,强调及时就医的重要性。
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文章指出,现代人普遍存在睡眠不足和情绪问题,形成恶性循环,需要专业干预。
夜里翻来覆去睡不着,早上闹钟响了又不想起,白天靠咖啡撑着,晚上继续睡不着……这样的循环,你是不是也在经历?近日,广东省中医院心理睡眠科副主任医师、实力医生郑莉明博士,神经内科主治医师刘文琛博士共同为大家的睡眠健康支招。
情绪和睡眠往往互相牵制 出现这些信号要干预
郑莉明指出,睡眠问题和情绪问题常常是“一根藤上的两个瓜”,两者互为因果。“很多人觉得看心理科是件难以启齿的事,其实,心理情绪问题就像感冒一样常见,也像感冒一样需要科学对待。睡不好、情绪差,也要及时就医。”
“很多人觉得睡不好只是‘没睡够’,扛一扛就过去了。但睡眠不是浪费时间,是身体在自我修复。”刘文琛指出,深度睡眠时,大脑会清除代谢废物、巩固记忆、调节免疫、分泌生长激素。“长期睡不好,拖垮的不只是晚上。”
郑莉明提醒,如果最近出现以下信号,需要留意:情绪上,莫名烦躁、焦虑低落,对以前喜欢的事提不起兴趣;认知上,注意力难以集中,记忆力下降,做决定犹豫不决;行为上,失眠或嗜睡,食欲大变,不想社交;身体上,持续头痛,胸闷心慌,肠胃不适,浑身乏力。
郑莉明还给大家一个简单的自我评估方法:回顾过去两周,是否经常情绪低落、睡眠异常、自我否定、兴趣减退、精力匮乏、注意力难以集中?如果中了2到3个,说明心理“电量不足”,需要及时充电;中了4个及以上,建议寻求专业支持。
怎么判断自己是否需要干预?刘文琛介绍,留意这三个信号:
睡不着:躺下很久无法入睡。
睡不深、醒得早:夜间容易醒,醒后再难入睡。
日间功能损害:白天疲劳、注意力下降、记忆力减退、情绪烦躁。
如果每周出现至少3次,持续超过3个月,并伴有日间功能损害,就可能达到了慢性失眠的诊断标准。“偶尔一两天睡不好不用太紧张,但如果已经影响到白天的工作和生活,就该认真对待了。”刘文琛提醒,失眠和情绪问题是双向的。“治失眠,本身就能降低抑郁风险。不要等情绪先崩了才治。”
此外,刘文琛提醒,习惯性打鼾、日间嗜睡、夜间憋醒、被家人发现呼吸暂停,这些都可能是阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的信号。OSA不仅影响睡眠质量,还会增加卒中、冠心病等心血管风险。“如果打鼾严重且伴有白天极度困倦,建议到睡眠专科做进一步评估。”
中医看失眠:先辨阴阳 再调气血
中医认为,睡眠是“阳入于阴”的过程。白天阳气在外,人醒着;夜里阳气该收回阴分,人就睡着了。收不回去,就是失眠。刘文琛介绍了五种常见的中医证型:
压力大、爱生气、情绪波动大:多为肝气郁结或肝郁化火,表现为入睡困难、急躁易怒、胸闷胁痛。调理以疏肝解郁为主,可饮用合欢花粥、百麦安神饮,按摩太冲、行间等穴位。
熬夜多、用脑过度、更年期前后:多为阴虚阳亢,表现为心烦、潮热盗汗、腰膝酸软。调理以滋阴降火为主,可食用生地枣仁粥,按摩神门、太溪等穴位。
操心多、吃得少、病后体虚:多为心脾两虚,表现为心悸健忘、神疲乏力、面色无华。调理以益气养血为主,可食用山药桂圆粥,艾灸足三里、百会等穴位。
晚餐过饱过晚、应酬多:多为痰热内扰或胃气失和,表现为头重、痰多胸闷、食后不寐。调理以清热化痰为主,晚餐宜清淡、不过饱。
失眠日久、常规安神药无效:可能为瘀血内阻,表现为夜多惊梦、胸痛头痛如针刺、面色晦暗。此型需就医辨证,不可自行用药。
“以上方药和食疗需在医师辨证后使用,不可照方自行抓药。”刘文琛强调,如果失眠持续或伴有情绪问题,建议到睡眠门诊或神经内科就诊。
文/广州日报全媒体记者周洁莹

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