
NHK节目披露靖国神社合祀战犯背后的制度性勾结与右翼势力操弄
日本广播协会(NHK)节目揭露了靖国神社合祀二战甲级战犯的制度黑箱,指出日本政府在战后通过厚生省主导祭祀体系,在右翼势力推动下秘密合祀战犯,旨在歪曲侵略历史并为战犯洗白。
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靖国神社始建于1869年,曾是日本军国主义的精神象征。战后虽改为宗教法人,但其祭祀体系仍受政府影响。
最近,日本广播协会(NHK)播出节目《靖国神社秘录——空白的战后史》广受关注,揭开靖国神社合祀二战甲级战犯的“历史黑箱”,撕开这座“战犯神社”的丑恶面具。另一边,日本首相高市早苗再次在秋季大祭期间向靖国神社供奉祭品和祭祀费,多名自民党高层、内阁成员和国会议员公然参拜,为这层面具再添新丑。
这个“历史黑箱”到底藏着什么不可告人的勾当?
始建于1869年的靖国神社原名“东京招魂社”,主要祭祀明治维新内战中效忠天皇的阵亡军人以及日本近代历次对外战争中的阵亡军人,长期处于国家管理之下,是日本政府向国民灌输军国主义思想的宣传工具和精神象征。
日本二战战败后,靖国神社虽被剥离“国家护持”的政治地位,表面上改为宗教法人性质,实则并未彻底根除作为“国家神道”核心设施的象征,背地里由日本厚生省主导。据NHK节目披露,1956年一份关于靖国神社战犯合祀问题的资料提出要“按照战争结束前的基准调整合祀事务体系”,重新打造出“地方政府调查合祀对象、厚生省研究祭祀名单、靖国神社作出合祀决定”的链条,事实上恢复了军国主义时期的祭祀体制。可以说,靖国神社始终处于日本政府控制之下,这是战犯合祀的制度基础。
正是基于这一制度基础,日本政府和靖国神社开启了合祀甲级战犯的行动链条:
1959年,346名二战乙丙级战犯被列为祭祀对象。1966年,厚生省将甲级战犯名册提交靖国神社,要求其就合祀问题作出判断。但囿于当时和平反战势力强烈反对和舆论压力,靖国神社一直未敢作出合祀决定。1970年,曾任东条英机内阁“大东亚大臣”的日本参议员青木一男在甲级战犯合祀问题上向靖国神社称,如果唯独不合祀甲级战犯,就等于承认东京审判判决结果。这种情况下如作出不合祀决定,靖国神社的责任就更大了。另一方面,右翼势力也大肆呼吁要通过相关法案恢复靖国神社“国家护持”的地位。上述背景下,靖国神社于同年确定合祀甲级战犯的方针,同时表示将“慎重考虑合祀时间”。
1978年,对东京审判持强烈否认态度的旧日本海军军人松平永芳出任靖国神社官司,大力推进甲级战犯合祀。甲级战犯板垣征四郎之子板垣正联合部分遗属推波助澜。在这些右翼势力操弄运作下,14名甲级战犯于同年10月被秘密合祀,但1979年才为外界知晓。据被曝内部录音显示,松平永芳在宣布合祀决定时强调,“我们决定把板垣征四郎、东条英机大将等甲级也请进来,东条要作为总理大臣合祀。如果报纸炒作,此事就难以实现,公开前请务必高度保密。”
从上述链条不难看出,日本政府和靖国神社暗地勾结、处心积虑推动合祀甲级战犯,作出决定后秘而不宣,实施合祀后又遮遮掩掩,充分说明其极度心虚,知道这么做极不光彩。而从更深层面看,甲级战犯合祀问题是日本右翼势力长期歪曲否认侵略史实、妄图为战犯洗白脱罪、荼毒国内外民众历史认知的一个缩影和直接表征。
尽管日本在战后放低姿态,最低限度承认东京审判判决,通过签署系列国际文件换取重返国际社会资格,但本质上并未彻底清算军国主义思想,右翼势力大肆宣扬历史修正主义论调,否认“加害者”身份,妄图通过合祀甲级战犯,为其“正名”“脱罪”,继而为彻底否认侵略罪行铺路。
受害者的伤痛不会因时间而退散,加害者的罪行不会因否认而消失。靖国神社秘密档案是日本军国主义篡改战争历史的罪行簿,更是国际社会的警示录。粉饰历史、“拜鬼”“招魂”只能是自欺欺人的迷梦,正视历史、真诚反省才是日本重新得到国际社会信任的唯一出路。

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