
高雄市國小學童近視率達45.91%,高於日本東京的36.8%。專家指出,近視成因包括電子產品使用時間增加與戶外活動減少,建議從嬰兒時期觀察視力異常,落實「20-20-20」用眼原則,增加戶外活動至每天2小時或每週14小時,並定期檢查以預防及治療假性與真性近視。
AI-generated summary
高雄市國小學童近視率高達45.91%,顯著高於日本東京的36.8%。近視問題與電子產品使用時間增加和戶外活動減少有關。
學生每天戶外活動120分鐘有助於降低近視率。(記者許麗娟攝)
高雄市國小學童近視率高達45.91%,比起日本東京小學生近視率36.8%高出許多,達特楊眼科聯盟執行長、日本防衛醫科大學眼科學客座教授洪啟庭表示,日本針對兒童視力保健有全球最完善的策略,除了學校每年健檢外,並針對3歲幼兒進行視力與斜弱視篩檢,以求在6歲黃金發育期前及早發現和治療。
洪啟庭指出,裸眼視力任一眼未達0.9就判定為視力不良。造成近年學生視力下滑的原因,包括近距離使用智慧型手機、平板電腦及數位學習載具的時間增加,以及戶外活動時間減少有關。
請繼續往下閱讀...
眼睛保健應從嬰兒出生時立即開始,洪啟庭表示,出生後家長要開始觀察孩子有無斜視、眼球震顫或瞳孔異常白色反射,避免強光直射嬰幼兒眼睛,同時睡眠時盡量關燈。衛福部亦建議2歲以下幼兒避免接觸任何「螢幕」產品。
3至18歲則是控制近視關鍵期,洪啟庭說,應控制螢幕時間,落實「20-20-20」原則,即近距離用眼20分鐘、遠眺20呎外景物至少20秒;也必須增加戶外活動每天2小時或每週至少14小時,陽光刺激多巴胺釋放可有效延緩眼軸變長。3、4歲起,進行第1次完整視力與屈光檢查,之後每半年定期複查1次。
洪啟庭提醒,當孩子有這些行為,如「看東西習慣改變」,像是看電視或螢幕越走越近;看遠處物體時經常瞇眼、皺眉或歪頭,以及頻繁揉眼與眨眼、常喊著頭很痛、注意力不集中,恐是近視徵兆,應立即就醫檢查。
洪啟庭說明, 當眼睛長時間看近物,導致「睫狀肌痙攣過度收縮」,眼睛無法放鬆看遠處,造成驗光時出現近視度數,即所謂「假性近視」,屬於肌肉疲勞,眼軸長度並未改變,是可逆的。「真性近視」則是眼軸已經拉長,造成結構性改變,無法再透過休息或藥水恢復。
「假性近視」治療以短效散瞳劑藥物治療為主,目的是讓長期看近物而導致痙攣的睫狀肌可以充分放鬆,讓眼球焦距恢復正常。通常於睡前點用,使眼球在夜間睡眠時獲得充分休息;同時要配合生活習慣與用眼行為調整、增加戶外活動,尤其眼睛遠近交替聚焦訓練,例如打桌球、羽毛球等,可讓眼球肌肉能忽遠忽近地聚焦,對於睫狀肌的放鬆有效。每日熱敷眼部數次,每次10至15分鐘,也能促進眼周血液循環,減緩肌肉疲勞的效果。
相關新聞請見︰
別當四眼田雞2-1》數位教學當道 高雄小學生每2.2人有1人近視

Alcohol-based "indicator drugs" such as Polyreta B and Visby have been flowing into the labor market at low prices and illegally for a long time. They enjoy the advantage of being exempt from tobacco and alcohol taxes, which may increase the risk of cancer, liver cirrhosis and industrial safety among grassroots workers. Minister of Health and Welfare Shi Chongliang said that he will strengthen the promotion of drug use and instruct the Food and Drug Administration to discuss with the industry whether to adjust product classification. Studies have shown that Taiwanese workers consume high concentrations of such drinks, with one in five people having the habit of drinking. However, 75% do not know the recommended daily amount and alcohol concentration, which can easily lead to health and safety risks.

Xie Xiaoyun, an obstetrician and gynecologist at Taichung Veterans General Hospital, pointed out that due to the influence of hormonal changes before and after women's menopause, fat distribution may shift from the buttocks and thighs to the abdomen and around the internal organs. Even if the weight does not increase, the lower abdomen will become obvious. She reminded that when losing weight after the age of 40, you should pay attention to muscle retention, changes in waist circumference and adequate protein intake to avoid muscle loss caused by eating less alone.

Hsinchu County Health Director Yin Dongcheng announced that the publicly funded influenza vaccine and the COVID-19 vaccine will be administered simultaneously on October 1. Eligible persons can be vaccinated at the same time and receive health coins. The flu vaccine will give 450 coins, and the COVID-19 vaccine will give 900 coins, which can be exchanged for health gifts at cooperative supermarkets. He also called on high-risk groups to get vaccinated in time to prevent severe illness.

During the Mid-Autumn Festival, there are frequent fake barbecue dinners. According to statistics from the CDC, 70 diarrhea clusters have been reported across the country in the past four weeks, of which 25 were found to be norovirus, accounting for nearly 90% of the detected pathogenic cases. Yan Zonghai from Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital reminded that norovirus is highly contagious and only a small number of virus particles can cause illness. He called on meat and seafood to be thoroughly cooked, separate raw and cooked food utensils, and wash hands frequently. People with symptoms should avoid handling food and rest. In serious cases, seek medical treatment as soon as possible to prevent dehydration or worsening of the condition.

The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute affiliated with Harvard Medical School and the 23andMe team analyzed the genetic data of more than 3.3 million people and found that the rare congenital EGFR T790M mutation is highly correlated with the risk of lung cancer in never-smokers. The relative risk of carriers is more than 60 times higher in never-smokers. However, this mutation is extremely rare. On average, only one person per 15,000 people in the United States carries it.

Internet celebrity physician Carlos Jaramillo analyzed the scientific evidence of blueberries on blood vessels, brain and intestinal flora. He pointed out that the absorption rate of anthocyanins is low and requires intestinal microbial metabolism. 150 grams of blueberries per day for 6-12 weeks can improve vascular endothelial function, but does not directly lower blood pressure or blood sugar. Long-term consumption can reduce the risk of myocardial infarction by 34%. It has a cognitive improvement effect on people with mild cognitive decline, but it is not suitable for young people to improve their brain power. It is recommended to eat in moderation and consult a professional.