广州与重庆在汽车产业的竞争中寻求产业升级,通过资本运作与合作模式调整应对新能源浪潮下的经济转型。
广州与重庆在“中国GDP第四城”的竞争中陷入焦灼,汽车产业成为胜负关键。广州通过广汽与一汽的资本合作实现触底反弹,而重庆则在新能源汽车产业链的利润分配与产业结构升级中面临挑战。
AI-generated summary
广州与重庆近年来在GDP排名上竞争激烈,汽车产业作为两地支柱产业,其转型速度直接影响城市经济表现。
城市发展,不进则退。
比如,近年来广州和重庆“GDP第四城”之争一直十分焦灼。2026年上半年,广州的GDP数额较重庆仅少了657.17亿元。然而就在今年一季度,广州曾以6%的亮眼GDP增速,从重庆手中夺回了失去多时的“第四”。
这场拉锯战的胜负手,越来越清晰地指向汽车产业。
最近,关于汽车产业,两座城市又“热闹”了起来。10月8日,一汽广汽正式“牵手”。再稍早前,华为与重庆车企赛力斯合作调整。
这背后既是中国汽车产业增长逻辑的一次换挡,也是广州与重庆两座城市在汽车产业上的再次加码。
两座城市都是中国汽车工业的重镇,但过去几年走出了不同的曲线。2024年,广州规上汽车制造业增加值同比下降18.2%,汽车产量下降20%,这座曾连续多年稳坐“中国汽车第一城”的城市,在新能源浪潮中经历了转型阵痛。
而重庆则恰恰相反。2025年,重庆汽车产量达到278.8万辆,同比增长9.7%,时隔多年重回“中国汽车第一城”,新能源汽车产量更是以36%的增速冲至129.6万辆,产业集群规模突破8000亿元。
一升一降之间,两座城市的GDP排名随之翻转。
到了2026年一季度,故事又出现反转。广州新能源汽车产量达到14.55万辆,同比增长36.1%,汽车制造业增加值累计增速实现了2024年以来的首次转正,增长5.5%。而重庆新能源汽车产量增速回落至9.7%,较2025年同期放缓。
广州的“深V反弹”,靠的正是汽车产业的触底回升。
过去,广州汽车工业高度依赖广本、广丰两大合资品牌,在新能源转型中一度步履蹒跚。随着本土广汽埃安、小鹏等新能源车企的崛起,合资依赖症正在退场,自主新能源开始接棒。
更值得关注的是资本层面的动作。
10月8日,一汽、丰田、广汽三方签署全新战略合作框架协议,广汽集团拟通过发行股份方式购买一汽持有的一汽丰田50%股权,中国一汽将成为广汽集团重要战略股东。
对广州而言,这步棋的意义在于通过资本纽带将一汽丰田纳入广汽体系,既巩固了合资基盘,又为新能源转型争取了时间和资源。
值得一提的是,重庆的汽车故事同样精彩,但隐忧也在浮现。拿赛力斯来说,2026年上半年,赛力斯归母净利润亏损17.17亿元,而上年同期盈利29.41亿元。
据报道,基于跟华为的合作模式,过去四年赛力斯每卖一辆问界,赛力斯都需要向华为支付技术授权、零部件采购和渠道等费用。外界普遍认为,利润分配是9月底至10月初华为与赛力斯那场“闪电分手又复合”的戏剧性操作的主要原因。
表面上是企业间的一场合约博弈,对于重庆来说,产业链的利润分配权在谁手里,决定这座城市汽车产业能走多远的关键。
回到“第四城”的话题。汽车产业固然是两座城市直接的竞争维度,但决定胜负的,是产业结构的纵深。
广州的底牌,不只是汽车。广州第二产业占比仅24.1%,第三产业高达74.9%,是典型的“工商并举、制造服务融合”型城市。在消费驱动时代,这种结构意味着更强的抗周期能力。
重庆的优势则在于工业体系的完整性。从长安到赛力斯,从传统燃油到智能电动,重庆拥有完整的汽车产业链配套。
一汽广汽重组与华为赛力斯合作调整,不过是这场漫长竞争中的两个注脚。汽车产业固然是第四城之争的直接胜负手,但真正决定最终归属的,不是某一年的产量数字,而是哪座城市能率先完成产业结构的升级,在造车之外,找到第二增长曲线。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
广州将通过资本运作巩固合资基盘并加速新能源转型。
Likely · Within months
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