
预计今冬我国气温冷暖起伏大,明年夏季高温热浪或更强
据国家气候中心消息,2026年9月已正式形成一次东部型超强厄尔尼诺事件,预计将成为有系统性监测以来最强。受其影响,今冬我国气温冷暖起伏大,明年夏季高温热浪或更强。
AI-generated summary
厄尔尼诺是一种赤道太平洋中东部海面温度异常升高的自然气候现象。
中新网北京10月9日电(记者 邵萌)记者9日从国家气候中心了解到,2026年9月已正式形成一次超强厄尔尼诺事件,类型为东部型,即海温暖中心位于赤道东太平洋。
超强厄尔尼诺意味着什么?对我国气候有哪些影响?
有系统性监测以来最强厄尔尼诺事件
据国家气候中心预计,未来3个月赤道中东太平洋海表温度将继续升高,在秋末冬初达到峰值,此次厄尔尼诺事件将成为有系统性监测以来最强厄尔尼诺事件。
厄尔尼诺是一种自然气候现象,典型特征为赤道太平洋中部和东部海面温度异常升高,通常每2年至7年出现1次,持续约9个月至12个月。国家气候中心对特定区域海温指数进行监测,当指数3个月滑动平均的绝对值达到或超过0.5℃且持续至少5个月,则判定为一次厄尔尼诺事件。
根据国家气候中心监测,2026年5月以来,赤道中东太平洋进入厄尔尼诺状态,5至9月关键区海温指数呈现快速增暖持续趋势。
据悉,自有监测记录以来,此前共出现过3次超强厄尔尼诺事件,分别发生于1982至1983年、1997至1998年和2014至2016年。
预计今冬我国气温冷暖起伏大
超强厄尔尼诺对我国气候有哪些影响?
国家气候中心监测显示,今年夏季的气候异常,很大程度是受到厄尔尼诺快速发展的影响:东部呈南北两条多雨带,暴雨过程面广点强、落区重叠且致灾复合;台风活跃、强度强,风雨影响久。
国家气候中心主任巢清尘此前在中国气象局新闻发布会上介绍,预计今年秋季(10月至11月),我国中东部大部降水偏多,江南大部和西南地区东部局部偏多五至八成,极端降水及山洪、滑坡、泥石流等风险高;华西秋雨总体偏多,呈“南多北少”空间分布;内蒙古西南部、西北地区东北部等地降水偏少超过二至五成,气象干旱和森林草原火险风险较高。
预计冬季(2026年12月至2027年2月),我国气温总体偏高,寒潮频次略偏多,气温冷暖起伏大;降水总体偏多,需重点防范阶段性强寒潮和南方低温雨雪冰冻影响。
明年夏季高温热浪或更强
巢清尘指出,典型强厄尔尼诺会对我国气候形成跨季节的持续扰动,其影响具有显著的滞后性,往往次年最为突出。
据预计,2027年春夏季,厄尔尼诺将快速衰减至结束,但对我国气候的影响仍然显著,极端天气气候事件增多,气温明显偏高,夏季高温热浪强度更强、范围更广。
她也表示,我国气候受到海温、极冰、陆面积雪和大气环流内部变率等共同影响,超强厄尔尼诺事件并非影响气候的单一因素。
国家气候中心正高级工程师李想指出,厄尔尼诺快速发展,通过海气相互作用、遥相关等多种途径影响全球的海洋大气系统,并进一步影响亚洲季风系统和我国的天气气候,农业、电力、基建、交通等重点行业受冲击较大。
例如,农业方面,在厄尔尼诺衰减并结束的2027年春夏季,我国东北、华北等粮食主产区需关注降水偏多、易发洪涝等对粮食生产造成的影响。西北地区大部、新疆等地需针对高温少雨带来的气象干旱风险,做好抗旱准备。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
赤道中东太平洋海表温度未来3个月将继续升高并在秋末冬初达到峰值
Very likely · Within months
2027年春夏季厄尔尼诺将快速衰减至结束
Likely · Within months

Xie Fukun, an assistant ranger at the Cuiping District Aquatic Fisheries Station in Yibin City, was a fisherman. After quitting fishing and landing in 2020, he became a ranger and used his fishing experience to help protect the Yangtze River fishery resources. The article describes his personal identity change, the employment and resettlement situation of fishermen who retired from fishing, and the positive changes in ecological restoration after the fishing ban in the Yangtze River, including an increase in wild fish stocks and progress in the natural reproduction of rare species.

The Taichung City Environmental Protection Bureau announced the garbage collection and transportation arrangements for the National Day holiday. Normal collection and transportation will be maintained on October 9. On October 10, the National Day will be changed to scheduled collection and transportation. On October 11, the collection and transportation will be stopped during the holiday. The public is reminded to pay attention to the time and place and respond to garbage reduction.

Heavy rainstorms occurred in the eastern part of Hainan Island, with the maximum cumulative precipitation in Wanning reaching 210.1 mm. The Hainan Provincial Meteorological Bureau continued to issue level four rainstorm warnings and red warnings, and Qionghai, Wanning and other places announced the suspension of primary and secondary schools and kindergartens. Meteorological experts pointed out that this rainfall is a typical autumn rainstorm in Hainan, caused by the easterly jet stream affected by the combination of cold and warm air. The Department of Water Affairs and the Meteorological Bureau jointly issued a yellow flash flood meteorological risk warning to remind the public to guard against secondary disasters and provide safety avoidance guidelines.

The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that the cumulative precipitation in the next 10 days will be 20 to 40 millimeters in northern and western Xinjiang, and the southeastern part of the northwest region. It will reach 60 to 130 millimeters in local areas such as the Sichuan Basin, and more than 180 millimeters in eastern Hainan Island. Except for the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, western Yunnan and other places, the average temperature is 1 to 2 degrees Celsius lower, and most of the rest of my country has higher temperatures. Some areas such as Xinjiang and western Gansu are 2 to 4 degrees Celsius higher. There was heavy rainfall in Hainan Island on the 9th, light to moderate rain or snow in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other places on the 9th-10th, and most areas in the north were affected by cold air on the 11th-13th, with a temperature drop of 4 to 6°C and winds of level 4 to 5.

The National Climate Center announced that the equatorial central and eastern Pacific Ocean has entered an El Niño state since May 2026. The three-month moving average of the Niño 3.4 zone SST index from July to September reached 2.54°C, exceeding the super event standard. The SST index in September was 2.94°C, and the eastern Pacific warm water center was more than 3.0°C higher. It is expected that sea temperatures will continue to rise in the next three months. This event may become the strongest El Niño since systematic monitoring.

Affected by heavy rainfall, Wanning City, Hainan Province raised the flood and wind prevention level IV emergency response to level II. All primary and secondary schools in the city were suspended for half a day, and kindergartens and off-campus training institutions were suspended for one day. Rainfall in many towns exceeded 200 millimeters. The meteorological observatory issued a red rainstorm warning and jointly issued a meteorological risk warning for flash floods. The traffic police reminded citizens to pay attention to waterlogged roads.