
清華大學分醫所教授陳令儀團隊發現植物來源化合物異野漆樹苷可同時作用於神經元與星狀膠質細胞,促進神經突修復並調節氧化壓力,為創傷性腦損傷藥物開發提供新研究方向。研究歷程超過8年,已在動物實驗中驗證其功效,並正推進專利布局與臨床試驗準備。
AI-generated summary
全球每年約7千萬人遭受創傷性腦損傷,目前仍沒有獲准藥物能直接促進受損神經修復並改善功能。清華大學分配醫所教授陳令儀研究團隊致力於尋找可促進神經修復的天然化合物。
全球每年約7千萬人遭受創傷性腦損傷,目前仍沒有獲准藥物能直接促進受損神經修復並改善功能。清華大學分醫所教授陳令儀研究團隊發現,植物來源化合物「異野漆樹苷」可同時作用神經元與星狀膠質細胞,促進神經突修復、調節氧化壓力,為創傷性腦損傷藥物開發提供新的研究方向,研究成果登上國際權威期刊《植物醫學》。
從植物篩選、鎖定活性化合物到解析作用機制,研究歷程前後超過8年。團隊不只證實異野漆樹苷具有神經修復效果,也解開它同時作用在兩類腦細胞的機制。一端作用在神經元,抑制S1PR3相關訊號,讓受損神經突重新生長;另一端作用在星狀膠質細胞中的NQO2蛋白,降低細胞質與粒線體的活性氧,改善神經修復所需的細胞環境。
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論文第一作者、清華分醫所博士生王翊比喻,大腦受損就像「神經道路斷裂」,一邊要把路修好,讓神經重新生長;另一邊也要清除路障、殘骸,降低自由基與氧化壓力。團隊從神經細胞、腦組織切片到動物實驗逐步驗證,結果顯示異野漆樹苷能促進受損神經突重新生長,並改善創傷性腦損傷小鼠的運動協調;腦部組織觀察也顯示,治療組受損區域的修復情形較佳。
陳令儀表示,確認異野漆樹苷具有神經修復效果時,研究其實已具備發表條件,但團隊仍決定繼續追查,「一定要釐清直接與異野漆樹苷結合的蛋白質到底是什麼。」團隊最終確認異野漆樹苷可直接作用S1PR3與NQO2,也釐清了兩者在神經修復中的角色。陳令儀更強調,這項機制的發現,在未來可作為其他神經損傷與神經發炎研究的基礎,包括腦中風,甚至新冠肺炎引發的「腦霧」等,只要涉及神經發炎與修復需求,都有了進一步應用的可能。
為找出促進神經修復的候選化合物,團隊針對辜嚴倬雲植物保種中心相關植物資源進行篩選。研究人員從近9百種植物製成的2千多份萃取物中逐一測試,最終鎖定拎藤龜背芋的活性萃取物。研究人員使用約1公斤的葉片進行萃取,再將活性分層送往德國分離、鑑定單一化合物,最後找出異野漆樹苷。
辜嚴倬雲植物保種中心執行長李家維表示,這次合作是目前藥庫最好的研究成果,其他研究仍在持續發展,藥庫未來仍有很大的研究潛力。團隊找到異野漆樹苷並解析化學結構後,轉向全化學合成,不再需要持續採集植物材料;王翊說明,目前與清華化學系合作,在實驗室已能完成公克級以上合成,並製作不同結構的類似物比較藥效,為後續改良與開發建立基礎。
研究顯示,異野漆樹苷經鼻給藥15分鐘後,可在小鼠腦組織中測得,顯示具有進入腦部的能力。陳令儀表示,經鼻給藥具有非侵入、使用便利等特性;若後續新藥開發、安全性及臨床試驗順利,未來可評估鼻噴劑等給藥方式,輕症患者有機會自行使用,重症患者有機會利用靜脈注射給藥。
清華目前已針對相關化合物進行專利布局。王翊表示,若要進一步走向臨床試驗,仍須完成更大規模的藥物製造與毒理測試,團隊也正為後續新藥臨床試驗做準備,下一步將申請美國食品藥物管理局(FDA)臨床試驗相關諮詢。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
團隊將申請美國FDA臨床試驗相關諮詢,以推進異野漆樹苷進入人體臨床階段
Likely · Within months
經鼻給藥方式將成為未來藥物開發的重點評估方向
Possible · Within years

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