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Back畅通教育科技人才良性循环 为新质生产力蓄势赋能
畅通教育科技人才良性循环 为新质生产力蓄势赋能
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中国新闻网34 minutes agoPolitics6 min readChinaView translation

畅通教育科技人才良性循环 为新质生产力蓄势赋能

中共中央、国务院印发《关于发展新质生产力的意见》,强调统筹推进教育、科技、人才体制机制一体化改革。

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中共中央、国务院印发《关于发展新质生产力的意见》,提出通过统筹教育、科技、人才体制机制一体化改革,强化企业创新主体地位,完善人才评价激励机制,并推动高等教育与职业教育对接产业需求,以形成发展新质生产力的合力。

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Why It Matters

中共中央、国务院印发了《关于发展新质生产力的意见》,旨在通过教育、科技、人才的协同改革推动经济高质量发展。

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发展新质生产力,关键靠什么?近日,中共中央、国务院印发的《关于发展新质生产力的意见》(以下简称《意见》)给出了明确回答,其中一项重要部署就是“统筹推进教育科技人才体制机制一体改革”。

教育、科技、人才紧密相连。教育管“育人”,科技管“创新”,人才管“用人”,学校培养的人要能满足产业需要,实验室的成果要能走上生产线,各类人才要有施展才干的舞台,三者只有相互贯通、协同发力,才能形成推动发展的合力。“要按照发展新质生产力要求,畅通教育、科技、人才的良性循环”。《意见》围绕这一要求作出了系统安排,每一项都指向实际问题。

科技:强化企业主体地位,打通成果转化堵点

《意见》部署的5大任务中,“大力推进科技创新”位居首位。科技创新能够催生新产业、新模式、新动能,是发展新质生产力的核心要素。长期以来,科技和经济“两张皮”的问题较为突出,不少科研成果停留在论文和专利层面,难以转化为现实生产力。对此,《意见》提出了以下内容,强化了企业科技创新主体的地位,让最了解市场需求的企业在创新中发挥更大作用。

一是加大对企业创新的支持。《意见》提出建立企业研发准备金制度,提高企业研发费用加计扣除比例,并将符合国家战略需求的企业研发项目按程序上升为国家项目,支持有能力的民营企业牵头承担国家重大技术攻关任务。

二是强化应用导向的评价。科技成果的价值,最终要在应用中检验。《意见》提出建立用户考核评价成果的机制,并探索科技项目全过程评价,“立项时一体部署研发和转化任务,验收时考核应用实绩”,着力解决技术开发与成果转化脱节的问题。

三是降低成果转化门槛。《意见》提出引导高等学校、科研院所按照先使用后付费方式把科技成果许可给中小微企业使用。

让这些举措真正发挥作用,关键在于抓好配套落实。相关部门要尽快细化企业研发准备金、科技项目全过程评价等制度的操作办法,各地要加大应用场景开放力度,让企业敢投入、能牵头、有回报,切实提高科技成果转化和产业化水平。

人才:完善评价激励,畅通流动渠道

人才是第一资源,是发展新质生产力最活跃、最具决定意义的能动主体。科技创新能否取得突破,很大程度上取决于人才能否用好、用活。

第一,在评价激励上,《意见》要求加快推动科研人员考核评价激励与报项目、发论文、评奖励等适度脱钩,防止简单按人才“帽子”定薪酬、定职称、定待遇。这意味着,评价人才要更加注重实际贡献和创新成效,让干出实绩的人得到应有认可。

第二,在流动配置上,《意见》提出加快破除各种隐性壁垒,畅通高等学校、科研院所、企业人才交流通道。人才在不同主体之间顺畅流动,知识和技术也会随之扩散。

第三,在技能人才上,发展新质生产力既需要科学家和工程师,也需要大量掌握新技术、新工艺的高素质劳动者。《意见》提出健全“新八级工”职业技能等级制度,畅通产业工人向上发展通道;健全终身职业技能培训制度,实施制造业人才支持计划。

因此,我们需要把适度脱钩的要求细化为可操作的考核办法,加快建立以创新价值、能力、贡献为导向的人才评价体系,推动高等学校、科研院所薪酬制度改革落地,探索人才在高校、院所和企业之间双向流动的具体路径,让科研人员和技能人才在待遇和发展上都有实实在在的获得感。

教育:对接产业需求,提升育人质量

人才培养,源头在教育。当前,一些新兴领域存在人才缺口,部分专业设置和教学内容与产业发展衔接不够紧密。《意见》从以下几个方面作出部署。

首先,高等教育要提质扩容。《意见》提出推动高等教育提质扩容,发展新型研究型大学,根据产业和科技发展趋势,优化高等学校学科专业设置调整机制,推动人才培养与产业发展同向而行。

其次,职业教育要突出实践。《意见》要求推动现代职业教育高质量发展,全面推进工学一体化技能人才培养模式,支持大国工匠、高技能人才兼任职业学校实习实训教师,让学生在学校就能接触一线技术和工艺。

最后,校企要协同育人。《意见》鼓励企业和高等学校联合定制化培养人才,强调“在实践中造就人才”。目前,不少地方已在探索把课堂搬进车间、把车间搬进校园,推动企业从“用人方”转变为“育人方”,使人才供给与产业需求实现更精准的对接。

推进这项工作,高校要建立专业设置与产业需求动态对接的机制,及时增设急需专业、调整不适应发展需要的专业;职业院校要深化产教融合,把企业的技术标准引入课堂;企业也要拿出岗位、设备和技术骨干,真正参与到人才培养的全过程中来。

教育为科技和产业输送人才,人才推动科技创新,科技进步又对教育和人才提出新的要求。这一循环运转顺畅,新质生产力才能有持续的动力来源。同时我们也要看到,各地的科教资源、产业基础和人才结构差异明显。《意见》多次强调因地制宜,就是要求各地立足自身的教育、科技、人才优势,探索符合实际的发展路径,防止盲目跟风、同质化布局。各地不能照搬一个模子,避免一哄而上、重复建设,要推动形成各有侧重、优势互补的格局。

作者:鲍淑君 国家发展改革委国际合作中心处长、研究员

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 相关部门将出台企业研发准备金及人才评价改革的具体实施办法。

    Very likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 企业研发准备金制度的具体操作细则如何制定?
  • 各地如何避免同质化布局?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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