
从孔雀厅的瓷器到子弹库帛书的回归,探访美国国立亚洲艺术博物馆中的中美人文交流
本文介绍了位于华盛顿的美国国立亚洲艺术博物馆,重点讲述了馆内孔雀厅的中国瓷器收藏,以及去年该馆将子弹库帛书返还中国,并与湖南省博物馆达成长期合作的文化交流历程。
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美国国立亚洲艺术博物馆由弗利尔美术馆和赛克勒美术馆组成。去年该馆将出土于长沙的子弹库帛书返还中国。
走进华盛顿国家广场,穿过一段安静的林荫路,美国国立亚洲艺术博物馆掩映在树影之中。
博物馆里,有人低头翻看展览手册,有人站在一件瓷器前久久没有挪步,也有游客举起手机,记录墙上一抹浓烈的亮色。
这里的故事,已经讲了一个多世纪。1923年,弗利尔美术馆在华盛顿国家广场开放,成为美国第一座国立艺术博物馆。此后,赛克勒美术馆于1987年开放,两馆共同构成今天的亚洲艺术博物馆。
如果只能选一个地方感受这座博物馆,很多人会走进孔雀厅。来自中国的瓷器与西式室内艺术相遇,成为这个空间最鲜明的特色之一。
推开门的一瞬间,蓝绿与金色扑面而来。墙面上,绘制的两只金色孔雀张开尾羽,仿佛正要振翅开屏。一旁的架子上,摆放着一件件青花瓷。
这是美国艺术家惠斯勒19世纪设计的室内空间。当年,他受英国雇主委托,为衬托其收藏的中国青花瓷,把整个房间装点成如今的模样。1904年,美国收藏家弗利尔将它购下,拆解后运往美国。
现在,瓷器依旧安静地摆在那里,人们走过时都会停下来仔细端详一笔青花、一片釉色。一间诞生于伦敦的西式房间,因为中国瓷器而改变了面貌。如今,它又在华盛顿成为亚洲艺术博物馆最具辨识度的空间之一。
这样的相遇,在博物馆里随处可见。青铜器、陶俑、瓷器、绘画,不同年代、不同地域的亚洲艺术品,被放在同一座博物馆里。它们背后是漫长的制作、收藏和研究历程,也记录着不同文明之间的交流。
博物馆里,关于中国的故事并不都停留在展柜之内。去年5月,这座博物馆将所藏子弹库帛书《五行令》《攻守占》返还中国。1942年出土于长沙子弹库楚墓的帛书,是迄今发现的年代最早的帛书实物,也是目前仅见的战国时期帛书。
通过这份珍贵文献,人们得以一窥当时中国人对宇宙、对时间、对生命的理解。流失多年的文物重新回归,也为中美人文交流书写下新的篇章。
中方在文物返还接收仪式上表示,子弹库帛书的回归,是中国人民和世界人民的一件文化盛事,也是中美文化遗产保护合作的又一次成功实践,为增进中美人文交流和两国人民友谊注入了正能量。
帛书回归后,故事并没有结束。今年9月,湖南省博物馆与美国国立亚洲艺术博物馆举行合作谅解备忘录签约见证仪式,双方将围绕展览交流、藏品保护、学术研究、人才培训等开展合作。从一件文物的返还,到两座博物馆之间更多长期合作,文化交流有了新的延伸。
文物有来路,也有归途。它们曾经跨越山海,在不同文明之间相遇。今天,人们又通过保护与返还,让远去的历史讲述新的故事。

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