素有“小宪法”之称的刑事诉讼法将迎来第四次修改,草案聚焦人身强制措施完善与被害人权利保障。
刑事诉讼法修正草案提请十四届全国人大常委会审议。此次修法旨在适应刑事犯罪态势变化,重点完善人身强制措施以减少羁押,并加强对被害人及未成年人的权益保障,体现公正司法理念。
AI-generated summary
刑事诉讼法于1979年通过,此前经历过三次修改。本次修改旨在应对严重暴力犯罪下降、轻微犯罪上升的刑事态势变化。
中新网北京11月4日电 题:刑事诉讼法修正草案提请初次审议 专家解读草案亮点
记者 谢雁冰
素有“小宪法”之称的刑事诉讼法将迎来第四次修改。11月2日,刑事诉讼法修正草案提请十四届全国人大常委会第二十五次会议初次审议。
刑事诉讼是一种国家活动,涉及国家和公民之间的关系,几乎宪法规定的有关公民的政治权利、人身权利和财产权利,在刑事诉讼中都会涉及,正因如此,刑事诉讼法素有“小宪法”之称。
刑事诉讼法是规范刑事诉讼活动的基本法律,于1979年7月通过,1996年、2012年作过两次较为全面的修改,2018年适时作了部分修改。面对新形势,此次法律修改备受关注。
为何修法?
“修改刑事诉讼法是推进刑事法治建设,服务保障社会主义现代化强国建设的迫切需要。”全国人大常委会法工委主任沈春耀在作关于修正草案的说明时指出,当前,中国刑事犯罪态势发生深刻变化,严重暴力犯罪数量及重刑率多年持续下降,轻微犯罪数量不断上升,财产类犯罪逐渐增多,对建设更高水平的平安中国、法治中国提出新的时代课题。
中国人民大学法学院教授陈卫东表示,修改刑事诉讼法是坚持公正司法的体现。中共十八大以来,中国刑事诉讼司法实践不断取得新进展,司法体制改革不断取得新成效,一批冤错案依法纠正,公正司法理念深入人心,需要及时总结经验,通过法律规范固定下来。同时,实践中也暴露出一些严重妨害司法公正的问题,需要堵塞制度漏洞,加强监督制约。
“修改刑事诉讼法有利于健全公正执法司法体制机制,让人民群众在每一个司法案件中感受到公平正义。”中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院教授熊秋红说。
完善人身强制措施
本次提请审议的刑事诉讼法修正草案共55条,主要内容之一是完善人身强制措施。
人身强制措施关系公民的人身自由。草案聚焦司法实践中的突出问题,明确采取强制措施以保障诉讼活动正常进行为目的,坚持确有必要并与犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的社会危险性,案件的性质、情节等相适应。
同时,草案明确监视居住作为减少羁押的替代措施的定位,对于无固定住处的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人,不再由公安机关指定一个处所进行监视居住,而是依法采取其他强制措施。
“这一条款的修改具有很强的现实意义。”陈卫东说,目前司法实践中存在一些乱象,修改此条款,有利于进一步规范司法权力运行,提高司法公信力。
草案还完善羁押制度,防止超期羁押。其中增加规定,羁押期限即将超过可能判处的刑期的,应当予以释放或者变更强制措施。
熊秋红表示,完善羁押制度有利于降低羁押率,真正让不该羁押、不必羁押的犯罪嫌疑人免受羁押之苦,减少实践中超期羁押的现象。
加强被害人权利保障
被害人权利保障对减轻被害人因犯罪受到的伤害、维护公平正义和社会和谐稳定具有重要意义。
“此前刑事诉讼法修改更强调尊重犯罪嫌疑人、被告人作为‘人’所应当享有的基本权利和人格尊严,此次修改同时强调国家对被害人权益的尊重和保障。”熊秋红说。
草案增加规定,被害人及其法定代理人或者近亲属等,因特定原因没有委托诉讼代理人的,可以依法申请法律援助。
草案还对被害人告诉才处理案件的证据收集问题作出规定,明确被害人向人民法院告诉,但提供证据确有困难的,人民法院可以要求公安机关提供协助。
陈卫东表示,此类案件属于自诉案件,被害人自己向法院告诉,但被害人收集证据的能力天然有限,也许会出现证据不足问题,但法院又不便亲自调查取证,从立法上规定公安机关提供协助的义务,有利于更好地保护被害人的合法权益。
此次修法还进一步加强和改进未成年人权益保护。草案增加规定,询问未成年被害人、证人的原则和要求,包括注意保护隐私、名誉等合法权益,尽量一次完成,避免多次反复询问带来不必要的伤害等。
“反复询问对未成年被害人造成的伤害,是司法实践中长期存在的突出问题。”熊秋红表示,未成年人身心较为脆弱,草案增加规定,将避免二次伤害从理念转化为程序义务,要求办案机关在询问前进行更周密的预案设计,更好保护未成年被害人。
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
刑事诉讼法修正草案将进入后续审议程序。
Very likely · Within months

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