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Back联合国大会通过决议 支持采用等積投影世界地图
联合国大会通过决议 支持采用等積投影世界地图
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中央社1 hour agoWorld1 min readChina

联合国大会通过决议 支持采用等積投影世界地图

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联合国大会通过由多个非洲国家主导的决议,支持采用等積投影世界地图以更精确呈现各洲陆地面积,164国赞成,美国反对,6国弃权。决议敦促成员国用等積投影取代麦卡托投影,后者因放大北半球地区而使非洲和南美洲显得较小。法国宣布将弃用麦卡托投影。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

麦卡托投影自1569年问世以来一直被广泛使用,但因其对高纬度地区的面积放大效应,导致非洲等赤道地区国家在世界地图上被视觉上缩小,长期引发制图学和后殖民学界的批判。

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(中央社紐約聯合國總部4日綜合外電報導)聯合國大會今天表決通過1項由數個非洲國家主導的決議,支持採用能讓非洲大陸看起來更大、北美洲和歐洲相對縮小的世界地圖,目的是「更精確呈現」全球地理樣貌。

法新社報導,這項決議獲164國支持,美國投下反對票,另有6國棄權。

決議指出,這幅稱為「等積投影」(Equal Earth projection)的新地圖,能「更精確呈現各洲的陸地面積,有助更準確描繪全球地理樣貌」。

決議敦促會員國以新地圖取代傳統的「麥卡托投影」(Mercator projection)。麥卡托投影是由來自法蘭德斯(Flanders,位於現今比利時北部)的製圖師麥卡托(Gerardus Mercator)於1569年為海上航行用途設計。

推動上述決議的多哥外交部長杜西(Robert Dussey)表示,地圖「形塑了我們對世界的理解」。

「地圖引導教育、啟發想像,也影響集體認知。因此地圖從來都不是中立的;當它們呈現失真的地球樣貌,就可能讓不精確的描繪世代相傳。」

麥卡托投影著重精確呈現陸地的形狀與角度,但各地相對面積往往不準確,部分原因在於將立體的地球轉換成平面地圖本身就存在困難。這種投影會放大北半球地區、壓縮赤道附近區域,使歐洲和北美洲看起來大得多,非洲和南美洲則顯得較小。

一群製圖師於2018年推出等積投影。在等積投影地圖上,非洲、拉丁美洲、南亞及大洋洲的面積看起來大幅增加。

其中一名製圖師薩夫里奇(Bojan Savric)2025年告訴法新社,「等積投影不僅保留各大陸的相對表面積,也儘可能呈現它們在地球儀上的形狀。」

共同提案支持新地圖的法國外交部今天宣布,法國將棄用麥卡托投影。

法國外交部長巴霍(Jean-Noel Barrot)表示,「改變地圖當然不會改變世界。但修正失真的世界地圖,本身就是追求真相的行動。」

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 更多非洲和发展中国家将在联合国教科文组织等场合推广等積投影在教育体系中的采用

    Likely · Within months

  • 法国将在其海外领地和法语国家的教育系统中率先实施等積投影

    Possible · Within months

Open Questions

  • 各国实际更换教材和官方地图的时间表是什么?
  • 等積投影在导航等实际应用中的适用性如何?
  • 是否会有更多国家效仿法国的决定?

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This article was originally published by 中央社.

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