
阿根廷總統米雷伊重申對馬維納斯群島的主權主張,並宣布將加強對未經授權在該地區進行油氣開採的企業制裁,同時強化火地島海軍基地等南大西洋防衛與影響力。能源開採成為該主權爭議的新焦點。以色列與英國企業Navitas Petroleum和Rockhopper Exploration持有的海獅油田預計2028年開始產油,雖獲福克蘭群島地方政府許可並稱獲得英國政府支持,但阿根廷政府視其為非法活動。米雷伊政府除法律與外交主張外,尚加入經濟制裁與軍事布局,並將南大西洋安全與南極資源競爭納入同一戰略框架。
AI-generated summary
阿根廷與英國長期爭議馬維納斯群島(福克蘭群島)主權,阿根廷稱其被非法占領。過去政府處理方式不同,馬克里時期求合作,費南德茲政府加強法律壓力,米雷伊政府則結合外交、法律、經濟制裁與軍事布局。能源開採成為爭議新焦點,海獅油田預計2028年產油。
(中央社記者黃韻如布宜諾斯艾利斯4日專電)阿根廷總統米雷伊3日重申馬維納斯群島(即福克蘭群島)主權主張之際,也將加強制裁未經授權參與群島周邊的油氣開採企業,並強化火地島海軍基地等南大西洋防衛與影響力。能源開採成為馬維納斯群島主權爭議新焦點。
米雷伊特別點名海獅(Sea Lion)油田,位於馬維納斯群島以北約220公里、450公尺水深海域,外界估蘊藏17億桶石油,由以色列企業Navitas Petroleum持有65%、英國企業Rockhopper Exploration持有35%,2家公司於2025年12月作出最終投資決定,預計2028年開始產油;Navitas Petroleum也取得第二階段開發所需核准。
以色列與英國2家企業於4日回應表示,福克蘭群島地方政府提供的相關許可「獲得英國政府的全面且持續支持」,不受米雷伊(Javier Milei)最新發言影響。
英國於19世紀在福克蘭群島確立長期實質管轄,但阿根廷至今未放棄對群島的主權主張,並稱福克蘭群島為馬維納斯群島(Islas Malvinas)。米雷伊曾多次強調馬維納斯群島屬於阿根廷,卻被奪走、持續被英國占領。
油田開採對阿根廷而言,意味長年停在「探勘」階段的爭議,演變成實際商業開採與資源收益問題,這也是阿根廷政府多年來持續鎖定馬維納斯能源開發的原因。其法律規定,未取得政府許可而在其主張的大陸棚從事油氣探勘、開採,可面臨5至20年活動禁令及其他制裁。
過去幾屆政府對馬維納斯群島主權問題的差異,主要在處理方式。前總統馬克里(Mauricio Macri)任內,阿根廷一方面維持主權主張,另一方面也試圖改善與英國關係;2016年雙方同意降低貿易、漁業、航運及油氣等領域的障礙,尋求實際合作。
艾柏托.費南德茲(Alberto Fernandez)政府則重新提高對未經阿根廷許可的馬維納斯油氣活動的法律壓力,2021年啟動相關企業制裁程序,2022年認定Navitas Petroleum違法,禁止其在阿根廷營運20年。
至於目前的米雷伊政府,主權政策在外交與法律主張之外,還進一步加入經濟制裁及國家安全、軍事布局。
米雷伊於電視演說時也表達同時將南極洲視為未來全球資源競爭的重要焦點,並把南大西洋安全、地緣政治及南極戰略放在同一框架下,「誰在南大西洋擁有更大的影響力,誰就處於更有利的位置捍衛自身利益」。
他並宣布增加國防部資源,優先推動在火地島興建整合型海軍基地、提升通訊能力,將其打造為南大西洋重要後勤中心及阿根廷地緣政治影響力的支點。
阿根廷國家報(La Nacion)分析,海獅油田若依計畫在2028年投產,將使馬維納斯群島主權爭議升溫至能源開採、運輸物流和南大西洋等實際利益戰略。(編輯:張芷瑄)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
阿根廷將在未來數月內對Navitas Petroleum和Rockhopper Exploration實施具體經濟制裁,例如限制其在阿根廷境內的業務操作。
Likely · Within months
阿根廷將推進火地島整合型海軍基地的建設,並提升其通訊與後勤能力,以強化南大西洋存在感。
Likely · Within months

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