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Back美軍防空飛彈改革同步研發5款攔截彈 愛國者飛彈單價壓到百萬美元
美軍防空飛彈改革同步研發5款攔截彈 愛國者飛彈單價壓到百萬美元
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自由时报1 hour agoDefense2 min readChinaView translation

美軍防空飛彈改革同步研發5款攔截彈 愛國者飛彈單價壓到百萬美元

Quick Look

美國陸軍面對極音速飛彈、巡弋飛彈及自殺無人機威脅,調整防空採購策略,推動低成本攔截彈等5項新計畫,希望單枚價格不超過100萬美元,並增加供應商來源以應對未來高需求。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美軍目前防空系統高度依賴單一飛彈,如PAC-3 MSE,單價約為低成本攔截彈目標價的四倍。

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圖為美軍「持久盾牌」(Enduring Shield)防空系統的發射器。(取自美軍DVIDS)

〔記者吳哲宇/綜合報導〕面對極音速飛彈、巡弋飛彈及大量自殺無人機威脅,美國陸軍正大幅調整防空武器採購策略,目前至少推動5項新型攔截彈計畫,希望打破過去防空系統高度依賴單一飛彈的模式,建立涵蓋高、中、低層防空的多元武器組合。其中,專為「愛國者」系統研發的低成本攔截彈,要求單枚價格不超過100萬美元,約為現役PAC-3 MSE平均單價的四分之一。

軍聞網站「The War Zone」報導,美國陸軍負責火力系統採購的洛薩諾中將(Frank Lozano),近日在美國陸軍協會(AUSA)年度大會表示,美軍將持續增加PAC-3 MSE採購,並以年產2000枚為目標,但面對未來可能需要4000、6000甚至8000枚飛彈的需求,單靠擴充既有武器產量已經不足。

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目前美軍推動的5項新計畫,包括「低成本攔截彈」(LCI)、「新一代短程攔截彈」(NGSRI)、「新一代反無人機飛彈」(NGCM)、「第二款攔截彈」(Second Interceptor),以及「未來攔截彈」(Future Interceptor),分別針對不同防空威脅研發。

其中,LCI計畫希望為「愛國者」系統提供單價不超過100萬美元的低成本飛彈;「未來攔截彈」則著重提升對極音速飛彈及其他高階威脅的攔截能力,形成高低搭配。

NGSRI計畫旨在取代現役「刺針」防空飛彈,要求新武器相容既有車載及單兵發射器;NGCM則將研發新型反無人機攔截彈,並整合至「郊狼」現有發射系統。

至於「第二款攔截彈」,主要為「持久之盾」中層防空系統增加第二種飛彈,希望提供比現役AIM-9X「響尾蛇」更強的巡弋飛彈攔截能力,目前由洛克希德馬丁與波音、安杜里爾合作團隊競爭。

值得注意的是,美國陸軍也準備改變過去只選擇單一得標廠商的採購方式。洛薩諾表示,「第二款攔截彈」將於2027會計年度第四季舉辦實彈競賽,除了現有團隊,也歡迎先前落選但持續投入研發的企業重新參與。NGSRI及NGCM同樣規劃在該期間進行新一輪評估。

此外,LCI計畫不只接受完整飛彈方案,也開放零組件供應商及系統整合商組隊競爭,希望透過更多供應來源,降低成本並加快量產。

洛薩諾指出,伊朗戰爭、中東衝突及烏俄戰爭已顯示,現代防空不只需要高性能攔截彈,更必須考慮彈藥庫存深度、補充速度及成本效益。尤其高階飛彈生產往往需要數個月甚至數年,若過度依賴單一供應商,將可能成為長期作戰的風險。

美軍未來將持續保留PAC-3 MSE等高性能武器,同時增加低成本攔截彈及供應商來源,讓防空部隊能依照目標威脅程度選擇適當武器,避免以昂貴飛彈大量攔截低成本無人機,並強化持續作戰能力。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 美軍將在2027會計年度第四季舉辦第二款攔截彈實彈競賽

    Very likely · Within months

  • NGSRI及NGCM計畫將在同期間進行新一輪評估

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 低成本攔截彈最終單價能否控制在100萬美元以下?
  • 新型攔截彈計畫何時能進入量產階段?
  • 多供應商競爭機制是否能有效降低成本並維持品質?

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