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Back家醫師警告:高鹽飲食不只傷血管 更是身體發炎總開關
家醫師警告:高鹽飲食不只傷血管 更是身體發炎總開關
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自由时报1 hour agoHealth2 min readChina

家醫師警告:高鹽飲食不只傷血管 更是身體發炎總開關

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家醫科醫師陳欣湄指出,高鹽飲食除影響血壓外,還會促進免疫發炎,並列出六種隱形高鈉食物,建議採行DASH飲食、選擇含鉀低鈉鹽及逐步減鹽以維護健康。

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Why It Matters

近年多項研究顯示高鹽飲食與免疫發炎相關,但民眾普遍仍將高鹽僅與高血壓掛鉤,忽略其對關節、過敏等其他健康影響。

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2026/09/12 07:24

家醫科醫師陳欣湄表示,許多人以為煮菜沒有加太多鹽,鈉的攝取量就不高,6種常見藏鈉地雷食物之一的白吐司,鈉含量不低,吃起來卻不鹹;示意圖。(圖取自freepik)

〔健康頻道/綜合報導〕吃太鹹可能不只影響血壓健康。家醫科醫師陳欣湄表示,近年多項研究發現,高鹽飲食除對血管有影響,鹽也是身體裡的「發炎總開關」。她並分享,門診曾遇到30多歲女性關節反覆腫痛找不出原因,問診後發現平時口味即偏鹹。她提醒,日常鈉來源不只是料理時撒下的鹽,許多加工肉品、火鍋料、泡麵,甚至吃起來不鹹的白吐司,隱藏的鈉含量都可能破表。

陳欣湄於臉書粉專發文分享,上述女性患者因關節反覆腫痛就醫,查了許久仍找不出原因。前來看診時,她詢問患者平時是否偏好重口味,對方坦言非常愛吃鹹食,卻不解兩者有何關聯。她指出,鹽影響到的,從來就不只是血壓。以往許多人習慣把「吃鹹」跟「高血壓」綁在一起,認為血壓沒紅字,吃鹽就與己無關。不過,這幾年的研究發現,吃太鹹對身體的影響,其實不僅止於血管。

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鹽恐讓免疫「促發炎」

陳欣湄進一步指出,2023年土耳其一篇整合回顧,研究高鹽與紅斑性狼瘡、類風濕性關節炎的關係,結果發現,高鹽容易把免疫推向「促發炎」。此外,2013年刊登於《Nature》的小鼠研究發現,用高鹽餵食的小鼠,鹽會透過一個開關(稱為SGK1),把免疫T細胞訓練成「愛打仗的型態」(Th17),促成免疫「催化」;2019年德國研究也發現,過敏型的免疫(Th2),可能會被鹽誘發。

6種隱形高鈉食物

陳欣湄提醒,許多人以為煮菜沒有加太多鹽,鈉的攝取量就不高,但真正容易被忽略的,反而是藏在加工食品或日常飲食中的鈉,她並點名以下6類常見地雷來源:

●加工肉品:熱狗、香腸、培根、肉鬆、貢丸。

●火鍋料、魚漿製品:魚丸、甜不辣、蟹肉棒、百頁豆腐。

●泡麵:一包鈉含量約1200至2800毫克。

●醬料:如蠔油、沙茶醬、番茄醬、XO醬等。

●街頭美食:如滷味、鹹酥雞。

●吃起來不鹹的食物:如白吐司。

日常飲食減鹽3重點

陳欣湄建議,除了避免上述地雷食物外,日常飲食也可掌握以下3重點:

1.採行DASH飲食:多攝取蔬菜、水果、全穀類、低脂乳品、堅果豆類、瘦肉及魚類,增加鉀、鎂、鈣等營養素攝取,以抵銷一些鈉。

2.選擇「含鉀的低鈉鹽」:2021 年一篇《NEJM》2 萬人大型研究指出,把家裡的鹽換成含鉀低鈉鹽,中風、心血管事件、死亡也都可能跟著下降。

3.減鹽不必一步到位:研究發現,持續低鈉飲食5個月後,受試者對鹹味的偏好可能逐漸下降;每次減鹽只要低於15%,多數人未必吃得出差異,卻能讓味覺慢慢適應、調整。

陳欣湄強調,鹽是身體需要的物質,但從免疫、血管、胃到大腦健康,都受到它的牽動。健康並不是非得吃到無味,只要從少喝一點湯、少加一點滷汁、換吃低鈉鹽開始,味覺就會慢慢跟上改變。

Open Questions

  • 含鉀低鈉鹽在台灣的可及性與接受度如何?
  • 逐步減鹽對不同年齡層的味覺適應速度是否有差異?
  • 白吐司等看似不鹹的食物中,具體哪些品牌或類別的鈉含量最高?

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