中国人民银行2026年前三季度金融统计数据显示,M2余额359.63万亿元,同比增长7.2%;社会融资规模468.17万亿元,同比增长7.1%。融资结构优化,债券和股票融资占比达49.48%,超过贷款占比7个百分点。企业债券同比增长9.3%,科技创新、小微企业等领域贷款保持较快增长。专家指出,金融总量合理适度,结构向质效和内涵式提质转变,需进一步打通资金传导堵点,将货币优势转化为实体投资和消费活力。
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中国人民银行发布2026年前三季度金融统计数据,盘点实体经济从金融体系获得的资金总量,展现资金来源渠道和信贷资金投向企业、居民等主体的结构变化。广义货币(M2)和社会融资规模是核心观察指标。
市场上的钱够不够?企业融资顺不顺?居民储蓄意愿为何走高?这些问题都能从中国人民银行最新发布的前三季度金融统计数据中找到答案。
央行数据显示,整体市场资金保持充裕,社会融资规模平稳增长,资金进入实体经济的渠道正在发生变化:银行贷款增速有所放缓,企业债券和股票融资增加,投向科技创新、小微企业等领域的贷款保持较快增长。
货币总量保持充裕,信贷指标却相对偏弱,背后藏着什么样的逻辑?社会融资结构发生变化,普通家庭又该如何打理好手中的资产?
中国人民银行发布的2026年前三季度金融统计数据报告,盘点了前三季度实体经济从金融体系获得的资金总量,同时清晰展现资金的来源渠道,以及信贷资金投向企业、居民等不同主体的结构变化。通俗来讲,就是反映前三季度,整个社会一共从金融体系拿到多少钱、钱从哪来以及钱给到谁的情况。
首先报告中,广义货币(M2)和社会融资规模是两个最核心的观察指标,二者增速均保持合理水平。初步统计,2026年9月末,M2余额359.63万亿元,同比增长7.2%;社会融资存量468.17万亿元,同比增长7.1%。
简单来讲:
从社会融资规模可以观察企业、政府、居民实际从金融体系得到的钱,是实体经济的“融资粮草”;
M2广义货币统计全社会现金和各类存款,代表整体“货币池子”的充裕程度。
两个指标帮助人们看清资金供给,判断货币金融环境是否宽松。结合当前数据,业内专家给出的关键词是——总体金融环境较宽松、合理适度。
南开大学金融学教授田利辉分析,当前宏观政策持续积极有为,有力支撑金融总量合理增长。央行在年初出台多项结构性货币政策举措的基础上,9月进一步对若干货币政策工具进行了调整完善,重点支持“六张网”建设、科技创新和设备更新以及民营中小微企业等领域,充分体现了适度宽松的货币政策取向。
不过,宽松适度的总量之下,融资内部的结构性特征更加值得关注。从社融增量结构看,债券、股票融资占比持续上升,融资渠道多元化特征更加鲜明,显示多元融资结构不断优化。
1至9月的社会融资规模增量中,债券和股票融资合计占比49.48%,已超过贷款占比约7个百分点。特别是企业债券快速增长,9月末同比增长9.3%;1至9月新增规模为上年同期增量约1.75倍。
过去看金融冷暖,大家习惯盯着银行贷款这一根“水管”;如今资金来源早已变成多渠道输水,债券、股票都是重要输水管道,只盯一根水管自然容易看走眼。
中国邮政储蓄银行研究员娄飞鹏观察,货币本质由银行信用扩张创造,随着实体经济融资渠道日益多元,银行信用创造的载体也在不断拓宽。
当前社会融资规模、M2保持正常偏上增速,意味着整体信用并不偏弱,发生变化的主要是信用创造的内部结构,包括债券、股权类融资提速,相应贷款融资有所放缓。这也提示大家,研判货币金融条件,不能只看贷款这个单一渠道,而是建立更为客观多维的综合视角,综合把握整体的信用环境。
9月末,人民币各项贷款余额283.44万亿元,同比增长4.8%。结构上,普惠小微贷款余额同比增长6.7%,不含房地产业的服务业中长期贷款余额同比增长9.2%。
娄飞鹏表示,融资结构变化是经济结构转型的客观映射。过去一段时间,“贷款密度”比较高的房地产、融资平台等领域信贷需求自然回落,而以科技创新、先进制造为代表的新质生产力领域融资方式更为多元,倾向通过债券、股权等融资方式满足其不同成长阶段的差异化融资需求,对银行贷款形成了良性补充和替代。
今年以来,金融“五篇大文章”领域贷款连续保持两位数增速,新增贷款占比升至70%以上,科技贷款、绿色贷款、普惠小微贷款增速持续高于各项贷款增速,金融服务实体经济高质量发展的适配性不断提升。
田利辉表示,资金投向的变化,体现出金融适配高质量发展的能力持续增强。我国货币信贷已经从外延式扩张走向内涵式提质,金融支持实体经济,不再单纯看贷款总量扩张,更看重质效与结构优化。“五篇大文章”的贷款增速保持了两位数。与此同时,财政与货币政策的协同增强,购房贷款贴息结构性货币政策工具调整等举措陆续落地,有助于降低居民和企业的融资成本,稳定市场预期。
中国民生银行首席经济学家温彬注意到另一个细节,9月末M2同比增长7.2%,M1同比增长3.2%,与M1的剪刀差走阔至4%。通俗解释,剪刀差拉大,意味着资金没有充分“活”起来。
业内专家表示,后续重在进一步打通资金传导堵点,把金融的总量优势转化为实体的投资与消费活力,夯实经济发展根基。这份金融统计数据报告勾勒了当前的现状是总量充足的,资金结构在变,企业借钱渠道更多元;挑战在于,怎么让这些钱真正变成企业投资、居民消费,带动经济活力。
监制丨王磊
记者丨邢斯嘉
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
后续重点将放在打通资金传导堵点,将金融总量优势转化为实体投资与消费活力
Likely · Within months

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