
特朗普新任新闻秘书凯蒂·扎卡里亚因自称律师却未通过律师资格考试受到质疑,她解释称在接受采访时因噪音和礼宾规程误听问题,并强调其在佩珀代因大学获得法学学位但未获执业许可,曾在中国期间为中伦律师事务所工作,但外国律师在中国不能执业中国法,仅可处理外国或国际法事务,监督机构已向加州律师公会申诉调查其是否非法声称具备法律执业资质。
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凯蒂·扎卡里亚刚被任命为特朗普政府新闻秘书不久,便因自称是律师却未通过律师资格考试受到质疑。她曾就读于佩珀代因大学法学院并获得学位,但在加州未通过律师资格考试,也没有在加州或其他州获得执业许可。她曾在中国期间为中伦律师事务所工作,声称从事国际交易法业务,但外国律师在中国不能执业中国法。
特朗普总统的新任新闻秘书是一名真正的律师,还是只是在电视上演过律师?
上任仅三天,凯蒂·扎卡里亚便面临了履历造假的质疑。她自称是lawyer(律师),而总统则称其为“an attorney”(一位执业律师)。周二,当被问及她在哪个州通过了律师资格考试时,她两次回答称:“我搬去中国的时候。”
啊?
对这位接下了或许是全美最具挑战性的公关职位的女性而言,这一幕为她波折不断的首次亮相画上了句点。如今,她正竭力把自己的经历讲圆。
周三晚间,她对《纽约时报》表示,围绕“lawyer”、“attorney”与“中国”的这场纷扰完全是一场大误会。
“我当时以为问题是:‘你从法学院毕业后去了哪里?’”她说。当时总统正在亚利桑那州举行中期选举集会,她是在停机坪上匆匆接通电话时作出这番回应的。
“在‘海军陆战队一号’的噪音下,我只能听清这些,”她说。“而且出于遵守礼宾规程的考虑,我与总统保持着一定距离,这让我无法靠前听清问题。”
她强调,那天只是她履新的第二天。
那么,关于这位算不上真正的“attorney”的凯蒂·扎卡里亚,事实究竟是怎样的:她于2011年毕业于佩珀代因大学并获法学学位。严格意义上讲,这确实使她成了一名“lawyer”。但她是否是一名拥有执业许可、能够提供法律咨询的“attorney”?若想具备这一资格,她必须通过律师资格考试。《华尔街日报》周三报道称,她在法学院毕业后曾参加加州律师资格考试,但并未通过。《纽约时报》也未能在加州或她在美居住过的任何其他地方查到其律师执业执照。
在周三那通简短的通话中,《纽约时报》未能再次追问她是否曾通过任何律师资格考试。但在挂断前,她确实解释称,当初刚开始在有线电视新闻亮相时,她曾就该如何标明自己的身份咨询过佩珀代因大学校长。她表示,当时对方告诫她不要使用“attorney”或“esquire”这类称谓,但表示使用“lawyer”没有问题。
但使用“总法律顾问”(general counsel)又是否合规呢?因为在领英上,扎卡里亚在特朗普亲信理查德·格雷内尔领导的团体“修复加州”名下,将自己的职务标注为总法律顾问。
“在美国,你要获得律师资格并获准执业,否则不得担任企业的总法律顾问,”加州大学伯克利分校法学院院长埃尔温·切梅林斯基指出,“‘总法律顾问’意味着你正在从事法律执业工作,正在为企业提供法律建议。没有执照是不得从事法律执业的。”
周三,一家监督机构向加州律师公会递交申诉,要求调查扎卡里亚是否存在“在未获执照的情况下,屡次向公众声称自己有法律执业资质,而加州法律将这种行为视为犯罪”。
这就牵涉到了中国之行。
白宫本周解释称,扎卡里亚是随丈夫泰勒前往中国的,后者当时在一家美国私募股权机构任职。扎卡里亚声称,在中国期间,她从事的是“国际交易法”业务。
在其领英个人主页上,她列出了在中伦律师事务所近两年的工作经历。中伦是中国最大的律师事务所之一,总部设在北京,并在东京、纽约、洛杉矶、旧金山以及哈萨克斯坦阿拉木图设有分所。
该律所周三未回应置评请求。
外国律师在中国的执业空间极为狭窄。外国公民不得参加中国的司法考试、不得持有中国律师执业执照,也不得就中国法律提供咨询意见。不过,他们可受聘于中国律所参与跨境交易,并就外国法或国际法提供法律意见。
中伦律师事务所常驻上海的合伙人高俊表示,律所经常聘用外籍人员协助语言沟通,并帮助中国员工理解外国商业文化。
“他们在任何时候都不具备中国法律执业资格,”他表示,并补充称扎卡里亚在律所的岗位很可能类似于带薪实习。
专门研究内地法律的香港大学法学教授刘思达指出,扎卡里亚将自己称为中伦律所前“associate”(律师)具有误导性,因为这暗示了她曾是在中国的持证律师。
“中国律所可以聘用外籍人士在其内地办公室工作,但这类人员不会被归类为中国律师,因为取得中国律师执业资格必须具备中国国籍,”刘思达说,“因此,使用‘associate’这一头衔可能存在争议。”
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
加州律师公会将对扎卡里亚的申诉展开正式调查
Likely · Within weeks
白宫可能会重新评估或澄清扎卡里亚的职务描述以避免进一步争议
Possible · Within days
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