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Back印尼將接手雅萬高鐵60%股權並承擔債務,規劃東延700公里至泗水
印尼將接手雅萬高鐵60%股權並承擔債務,規劃東延700公里至泗水
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自由时报39 minutes agoBusiness2 min readChina

印尼將接手雅萬高鐵60%股權並承擔債務,規劃東延700公里至泗水

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印尼政府將於9月15日接手中國出資興建的雅萬高鐵營運公司60%控股權,並承擔其未償還的73億美元貸款。雖中國同意將貸款還款期限從40年延長至80年,印尼仍計畫將高鐵向東延伸約700公里至泗水,但未公布融資方案。

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Why It Matters

雅萬高鐵(Whoosh)是中國「一帶一路」指標工程,連接雅加達與萬隆,全長142公里,2023年正式營運。項目總造價為73億美元,其中中國國家開發銀行提供45億美元貸款,原還款期限為40年。

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印尼高速鐵路(也稱雅萬高鐵),是中國「一帶一路」指標工程之一。(法新社資料照)

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕73億美元高鐵負債壓頂!印尼政府將於下週接管由中國出資興建的高速鐵路營運公司,取得60%控股股權,並承擔這項高鐵計畫尚未償還的貸款。面對沉重債務,印尼已與中國協商延長貸款期限,原本40年的還款期如今拉長至80年,但印尼政府接手債務後,卻仍計畫將高鐵向東延伸約700公里,至於這項大規模擴建工程的資金如何籌集,政府目前尚未公布具體方案。

印尼財政部長波巴亞(Purbaya Yudhi Sadewa)表示,政府計畫在9月15日移轉高鐵營運商60%的控股股權,接手對象可能為主權財富基金「印尼投資局」(Indonesia Investment Authority,INA)、國營開發融資機構Sarana Multi Infrastructure(SMI),或由兩者共同持有。

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中國企業則將保留40%股權。這條高速鐵路商業名稱為「Whoosh」,全長142公里,連接印尼首都雅加達與萬隆,2023年正式營運。該項目是中國「一帶一路」倡議的一部分,由印尼與中國國營企業組成的合資公司負責興建。

然而,工程期間成本大幅超支,使這項高鐵計畫的總造價攀升至73億美元(約新台幣2298億元),遠高於最初規模,也讓印尼背負沉重的融資壓力。

其中,中國國家開發銀行原先提供45億美元(約新台幣1416億元)貸款,期限為40年,並設有10年寬限期。由於後續建設成本持續增加,印尼又追加借款,進一步推高整體債務。

為減輕償債壓力,印尼自去年起與中國協商重整高鐵債務。普爾巴亞表示,中國已同意將貸款償還期限延長至80年,相當於原本40年期限的兩倍。

不過,貸款期限雖然大幅拉長,印尼政府仍得面對龐大的未償債務。普爾巴亞指出,完成此次股權移轉後,新的控股股東將負責償還高鐵計畫尚未清償的貸款。

換言之,印尼政府旗下投資機構取得高鐵60%控股權的同時,也將承接沉重的債務負擔。

目前由國營鐵路公司印尼國家鐵路公司(Kereta Api Indonesia)牽頭的印尼企業聯盟,在讓出控股權後是否能獲得補償,政府尚未說明。

值得注意的是,印尼並沒有因高鐵債務壓力而停止擴張,反而計畫進一步延伸路線。

普爾巴亞表示,完成此次股權移轉後,印尼計畫將雅加達—萬隆高鐵向東延伸約700公里,直達印尼第二大城市泗水。

目前印尼高鐵僅有142公里,但若700公里延伸計畫落實,將大幅擴大印尼高速鐵路網。不過,這項規模更大的工程需要多少資金,以及未來將由誰出資,印尼政府目前尚未公布具體的融資方式,也未說明新路線的建設成本將由印尼政府、中國企業或其他投資者承擔。

在既有高鐵成本超支、債務沉重,甚至必須將中國貸款還款期限拉長至80年的情況下,印尼未來如何負擔既有債務與新建設所需資金,也將成為這項高鐵計畫能否持續推進的關鍵。

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AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 印尼政府將在未來數月內公布雅萬高鐵東延至泗水的融資方案

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Open Questions

  • 印尼政府將如何為雅萬高鐵東延700公里至泗水的工程籌資?
  • 印尼國家鐵路公司在讓出控股權後是否會獲得補償?
  • 東延線路的建設成本將由誰承擔?

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