
研究显示蝴蝶翅膀图案和拍打动作能共同形成一套抵御攻击的机制
国际学术期刊《自然》最新发表的一项生态学研究指出,蝴蝶翅膀上对比度高的图案可以在飞行中制造视错觉,让捕食者更难判断其飞行速度和方向,从而共同形成抵御攻击的机制。
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国际学术期刊《自然》最新发表了一篇关于蝴蝶翅膀图案与视错觉的生态学研究。
中新网北京10月1日电 (记者 孙自法)国际学术期刊《自然》最新发表s一篇生态学研究指出,蝴蝶翅膀上对比度高的图案可以在飞行中制造视错觉,让捕食者更难判断蝴蝶的飞行速度和方向。这项研究结果显示,翅膀图案和拍打动作能共同形成一套抵御攻击的机制。
该论文介绍,高对比度的条纹和其他纹路一直被认为会导致“运动眩晕”,这种视觉效果可以干扰捕食者对移动猎物的观察。不过,对这种效应在一些动物(如斑马、蛇、蜥蜴)中的研究从未得出支持该理论的决定性证据。此前研究的常用目标没有运动着的翅膀或四肢,忽略了这些运动可能如何影响捕食者的感知。
在本项研究中,论文通讯作者、英国埃克塞特大学Jolyon Troscianko和同事及合作者一起,结合高速摄影、计算机建模、模拟演化和捉蝴蝶的虚拟实验,用证据表明蝴蝶翅膀的图案和运动会造成强烈的视错觉。通过将真实蝴蝶的高速影像与计算机模拟的无图案蝴蝶进行对比,他们发现,翅膀上的天然图案比数字化的无图案翅膀更易产生误导性的运动信号。
随后,论文作者进一步对397个欧洲物种(包括凤蝶、弄蝶、铜色蝶)的757种翅膀样式的模拟研究表明,有对比度的竖条纹、单条带和后翅等特征与运动迷惑性更强有关。
在3000次捉蝴蝶实验中,参与者需要观看不同蝴蝶的视频,再通过触摸屏幕“捉”蝴蝶。如果蝴蝶翅膀上有预计迷惑性更大的图案,参与者的袭击就会指向它们身后更远的地方。
实验结果表明,许多蝴蝶图案的演化,可能在一定程度上为了误导飞行中受到的攻击。
论文作者指出,其他身上有反差图案的动物在运动时可能也会有类似效应,包括鸟类拍打的翅膀,以及蜥蜴和鱼甩动的尾巴。他们认为,后续仍需进一步研究蝴蝶翅膀的底面,以及更多的飞行动作、视角、距离和背景。

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