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Back美國確認在地球軌道部署太空武器
美國確認在地球軌道部署太空武器
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BBC中文1 hour agoDefense4 min readChinaView translation

美國確認在地球軌道部署太空武器

美國首次承認擁有在軌進攻能力,中國敦促避免太空軍備競賽。

Quick Look

美國已確認在地球軌道部署太空武器,這是美方首次承認擁有此類進攻能力,旨在保護美軍免受敵對威脅。中國對此回應,敦促美方避免在太空中出現軍備競賽。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美軍於2019年設立太空軍,旨在保護美軍在太空中的資產。1967年條約禁止在軌道部署大規模殺傷性武器,但大國持續探索條約範圍外能力。

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美國已確認在地球軌道部署了一種太空武器,這是美方首次承認擁有此類進進攻能力。

美國空軍部長特洛伊·邁因克(Troy Meink)表示,這種「在軌」武器是保護美軍部隊免受敵對行動威脅所必需的。

邁因克星期一(9月14日)在空軍、太空與網絡會議(Air, Space and Cyber Conference)上表示,美國已準備好應對「不斷演變的威脅」,但未有詳細說明該武器的能力或其部署入軌的時間。

高級軍事領導人先前曾表示,他們計劃增強太空軍事能力,稱俄羅斯和中國正推進相關計劃,研發在未來衝突中攻擊及干擾美國衛星的方法。

中國星期二(15日)回應稱,應避免在太空中出現「軍備競賽」。

中國外交部發言人郭嘉昆表示:「我們敦促美方停止在外空擴軍備戰,以實際行動維護全球戰略穩定。」

美國官員尚未披露這種武器的運作方式細節。

美國太空軍(US Space Force)一名發言人表示:「太空控制涵蓋在太空領域進行競爭與控制所需的任務範疇,透過動能及非動能手段,藉由干擾、削弱,甚至在必要時摧毀對手能力來達成目標。」

「這些能力可根據作戰司令部的指示,用於進攻和防禦目的。」

一名研究外太空軍事用途的專家指出,外界公開掌握的相關技術資訊「少之又少」。他向BBC表示,這可能涵蓋「各種不同的武器系統」。

英國皇家聯合軍事研究所(RUSI)的布萊德·鮑恩博士(Dr Bleddyn Bowen)在BBC第四電台晨間新聞節目《今日》(Today programme, BBC Radio 4)中表示,他只是「完全在猜測」,但美方所指的可能是「某種電子戰或無線電干擾平台」。

鮑恩表示,這類武器在地球上已經存在,能夠干擾無線電通訊。

另一種可能是「某種動能擊殺載具,也就是能夠釋放某種彈體,撞擊衛星並將其摧毀的載具」。

但鮑恩補充說,這種可能性較低,因為這類具有物理破壞性的工具可能產生大量太空碎片。

特朗普(Donald Trump;川普)政府表示,以太空為基礎的能力以及攔截導彈,是其計劃中的「金穹」(Golden Dome)防禦系統的重要組成部分,旨在保護美國免受導彈及其他空中威脅。

去年,特朗普總統簽署行政命令,強調美國太空軍不僅負責防衛資產,亦肩負攻擊力量的角色。

美國太空軍是70多年來美軍首個新成立的軍種,於2019年設立,旨在保護美國在太空中的資產,包括數百枚用於通訊和監視的衛星。

1967年的一項條約禁止在軌道部署大規模殺傷性武器。此後,包括美國、俄羅斯及中國在內的主要大國一直在探索條約範圍之外的其他能力,例如以對手的衛星為攻擊目標,而這些衛星對軍事通訊、監視及導航至關重要。

今年2月初,有消息披露,自俄羅斯於2022年入侵烏克蘭以來,兩枚俄羅斯衛星很可能曾攔截至少十多枚歐洲衛星的通訊。

這類攔截可能使俄羅斯情報部門得以讀取衛星傳輸的敏感數據,甚至在理論上接管這些衛星。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 中國將繼續呼籲國際社會反對太空軍備競賽。

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 該太空武器的具體能力為何?
  • 該武器何時部署入軌?
  • 武器的確切運作方式為何?

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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