
政府推動台灣人口對策新戰略,擬將產假延長至十二週、陪產假增加至十四日,但催生聯盟警告若男性育兒責任未同步提升,可能反而增加女性職場隱性成本,影響薪資與升遷。文章指出少子化政策應重塑社會觀念,讓育兒責任由雙親共同承擔,而非僅由女性負擔。
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政府推動台灣人口對策新戰略,擬將產假延長至十二週、陪產假增加至十四日,以應對少子化問題並支持家庭。
◎ 郭索
政府推動「台灣人口對策新戰略」,規劃將現行八週產假延長至十二週,陪產檢及陪產假則由七日增加至十四日,相關修法目前正在立法院審議,甚至已有立委主張進一步將產假提高到十四週。出發點當然值得肯定,女性生產後需要充分時間休養、恢復身心,家庭也需要更多制度支持。然而,托育及就業政策催生聯盟近日提出另一個值得正視的問題:如果女性的產假不斷增加,男性陪產與育兒責任卻沒有同步提高,一項原本希望照顧女性的政策,是否可能反過來增加女性在職場上的隱性成本?
台灣人口對策新戰略-家庭支持篇。(取自行政院官網)
問題從來不在「媽媽應不應該多休幾週」,而是為什麼生育所造成的職場離開時間,主要仍由女性承擔。催生聯盟引用二○二五年巴西相關經濟研究指出,在只增加女性產假、男性陪產假沒有同步增加的情況下,女性平均薪資、升遷率及高技能職位女性占比可能受到不利影響。不同國家的勞動市場條件不能直接套用到台灣,因此不能據此斷言台灣延長產假必然造成相同結果,但它至少提出一項政策警訊:當法律愈明確地把長期照顧假集中在女性身上,企業在招募、升遷與人力配置時,也可能更加強化「生育主要影響女性工作」的既有印象。
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台灣面對少子化,真正需要改變的正是這種結構。政府目前其實已不只規劃延長產假,也提出育兒留停「六加三」、育兒假、彈性減工時不減薪,以及補助企業職務代理等配套,其中短期職務代理規劃每人每日補助八百元。這個政策方向值得肯定,因為生育成本不能只由媽媽承擔,也不能全部丟給企業吸收。更進一步來看,未來制度設計應持續提高父親實際參與照顧的誘因,讓請假陪伴孩子不再只是「幫太太」,而是父親本來就應共同承擔的家庭責任。
未來制度設計應持續提高父親實際參與照顧的誘因,讓請假陪伴孩子不再只是「幫太太」,而是父親本來就應共同承擔的家庭責任。(本報製圖)
所以,產假延長十二週,我支持;但政策不能停在十二週,更不能陷入「十二週還是十四週才夠友善」的數字競賽。真正值得追問的是,孩子出生以後,父親能不能一起離開職場照顧?媽媽回到工作崗位後,托育能不能接得上?企業願不願意讓父母彈性調整工時?政府又能否承擔更多替代人力成本?當企業看到一名三十歲男性與一名三十歲女性求職者時,不應因為未來可能生育,就預設女性將比男性離開職場更久。少子化政策真正要改變的,不只是產假的長度,而是讓整個社會真正接受一件事:生孩子的是女性,養孩子卻從來不該只是女性的責任。
(作者為自由評論者)
AI outlook — possibilities, not facts
若男性陪產及育兒假未同步增加,延長產假可能導致女性在職場上的隱性成本上升
Possible · Within months

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