Breaking
TRBREAKING NEWS: Türkiye's latest move resonated in Greece! 'Meteor coup' confession: 'The back door has been opened'CNMaduro and his wife face new charges related to torture of political opponents and U.S. citizensINAction against Indian companies: American minister said- We are cutting the head of the snakeCNThe escape scene is exposed! Man from the Unified Promoting Party wields a knife and causes trouble in Dongdaemun, Hualien. Police: It is not ruled out that there are accomplices.CNReciprocity! Shi Wang recalled Lai Qingde’s surprise visit in May and reiterated his support for Taiwan’s international participationRUA fire occurred at a plant in the Tver region due to a UAV attackCNBuying a new mobile phone comes with viruses! Two Chinese brands were named and feared that they would not be deleted.CNWhere to go during the Double Ten holiday? Taichung travel guide is revealed. The best Mazu and hot spring bath discounts in Taiwan are all included.RUFormula 1 will return to Africa in 2030FRUnited States: a man shot during an ICE intervention in New York, Mamdani denounces “a revolting incident”TRBREAKING NEWS: Türkiye's latest move resonated in Greece! 'Meteor coup' confession: 'The back door has been opened'CNMaduro and his wife face new charges related to torture of political opponents and U.S. citizensINAction against Indian companies: American minister said- We are cutting the head of the snakeCNThe escape scene is exposed! Man from the Unified Promoting Party wields a knife and causes trouble in Dongdaemun, Hualien. Police: It is not ruled out that there are accomplices.CNReciprocity! Shi Wang recalled Lai Qingde’s surprise visit in May and reiterated his support for Taiwan’s international participationRUA fire occurred at a plant in the Tver region due to a UAV attackCNBuying a new mobile phone comes with viruses! Two Chinese brands were named and feared that they would not be deleted.CNWhere to go during the Double Ten holiday? Taichung travel guide is revealed. The best Mazu and hot spring bath discounts in Taiwan are all included.RUFormula 1 will return to Africa in 2030FRUnited States: a man shot during an ICE intervention in New York, Mamdani denounces “a revolting incident”
Back央行为什么发布关于人民币汇率的政策立场
央行为什么发布关于人民币汇率的政策立场
NEWS
中国新闻网1 hour agoBusiness4 min readChinaView translation

央行为什么发布关于人民币汇率的政策立场

Quick Look

中国人民银行于10月8日发布人民币汇率政策立场,澄清汇率形成机制,反驳汇率操纵指责,强调市场决定作用,指出顺差非汇率失衡主因,呼吁多边协商解决全球失衡问题。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

近期个别国家指责人民币汇率低估,要求非市场化升值。中国人民银行发布政策立场以澄清汇率形成机制,强调市场决定作用,反驳操纵指责,并指出全球失衡根源在于逆差国经济结构问题。

Font size

谭谈:央行为什么发布关于人民币汇率的政策立场

10月8日下午,中国人民银行发布关于人民币汇率的政策立场。

这是央行对汇率问题的系统性阐述。“政策立场”这个词,是指以国家名义发布的官方文本,在对外表述中,代表的是官方态度。

要理解它,需要放在国际背景下看。最近一段时间,个别国家鼓噪人民币汇率低估,甚至要以非市场化的方式强迫人民币升值。

中国此时发布政策立场,为厘清这个问题提供了明确依据。

归结起来,是三个关切。要通俗理解这些关切,需要先看懂:国际社会在讨论什么,言外之意又是什么。

01

“汇率问题本身”

谭主此前也分析过,人民币汇率被低估这类论调往往有两层预设。一是暗示中国“操纵”了汇率,二是把推动人民币升值当作削弱中国出口竞争力的手段。

中方提出的第一个关切是:各国都应尊重一个事实,汇率是多重因素作用的结果。

文件一开头,就把这件事讲得很清楚:

中国实施以市场供求为基础、参考一篮子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制度,坚持让市场在汇率形成中发挥决定性作用。

一个值得注意的表述,是“有管理的浮动”。“浮动”是有前提的:不预设目标水平,不干预长期趋势。

文件给出了两个参照坐标:2008年国际金融危机,以及今年7月,日元对美元一度贬至近40年低位,引发相关国家联合干预。简单来说,中国参考国际规则和实践进行管理。

汇改二十多年来,人民币对美元汇率累计升值23%,2010年以来经历过三轮升值周期、三轮贬值周期。

中国宏观经济研究院市场所形势室副主任徐鹏告诉谭主,所谓的“汇率操纵”根本就是无稽之谈。今年,在岸、离岸人民币对美元双双升破6.7关口。在周边国家货币贬值的趋势下,中国没有选择以邻为壑、竞争性贬值的措施,是负责任的大国。

按照美西方的逻辑,如果中国的出口竞争优势来源于“故意让人民币贬值”,那么他们对中国目前的产业情况存在误解。

中国金融四十人研究院院长郭凯告诉谭主,强行让人民币汇率升值是本末倒置的,会损害全球其他经济体。

一项针对企业的研究发现,人民币升值10%后,以人民币计价的出口价格降幅只有不到0.5%。

升值就会削弱竞争力,是一个短期的静态逻辑。在一个长期发展的动态过程中,尤其对中国来说,在研发优势、产业链优势下,中国产业不断推进降本增效,人民币一边升值,一边竞争力还越来越强。

中国过去这些年的产业发展与汇率情况,证明了这一点。

02

“失衡问题”

背景

2026年7月,国际货币基金组织(IMF)发布《2026年外部部门报告》,评定2025年中国外部平衡“偏强”,报告称人民币实际有效汇率缺口中值为-21.3%。

需要指出的一点是,IMF的报告技术性很强,很容易被误用。IMF其实有不同的模型,算出来的结果就不一样。

IMF自己也说,这个结果算出来就是供探讨参考,不能成为评估的严格依据。

东方金诚首席宏观分析师王青告诉谭主,如果按IMF的实际有效汇率指数法估算,2025年年末人民币实际有效汇率小幅高估0.5%。

所以中方提出的第二个关切是:我们欢迎国际组织参与讨论,但前提是其评估不能被错用——这是保障国际社会形成有效的机制,协商解决全球经济出现的新问题、新现象的前提。

文件就提到:

将IMF的外部平衡评估(EBA)结果作为人民币汇率低估的依据,是对评估结果的曲解和误用。

而某些国家只看到了那个被低估的数字。

这套逻辑背后,是把本国产业竞争力下降包装成中国汇率问题。这是要进一步厘清的。

过去几年,全球经济经历了疫情冲击、能源危机、通胀、贸易保护主义抬头以及产业链重组。如今,美欧面对的一个共同问题,是本土制造业的竞争力不足和贸易失衡。

但“贸易失衡”是一个长期存在的现象,主要顺差国一直在变,而主要逆差国始终是那几个老面孔,问题出在自身经济结构上。

中国社科院国际投资专家潘圆圆告诉谭主,这些国家的思路,是通过金融市场与汇率层面的波动,影响我国对外实体经济流量,放缓我国海外资产规模的积累节奏。简单来说,一方面会对出口收益形成挤压,另一方面也可能会给已形成的海外资产价值带来不确定性。

一些要求人民币升值的国家,曾经自己就是出口大户,别人要求它减少出口时,它就老是说尊重经济规律和国际法治。但现在出口减少,反过来要求别人货币升值,怎么就不讲市场经济规律了?这是双重标准。

它们甚至借此把贸易失衡问题归结于中国的问题,这不是解决问题的态度。

03

“顺差问题”

背景

专业讨论中,常有人把经常账户顺差当作判断汇率是否被低估的依据。

这个前提本身就有问题:经常账户顺差或逆差,与汇率强弱并没有简单对应关系。

因此,中方提出的第三个关切是:讨论货币问题,要抓住当前全球货币体系的主要矛盾,不能只盯着经常账户这一个数。

文件就提到:

分析汇率变化,不仅要看货物贸易,也要看服务贸易;不仅要看经常账户,也要看金融账户;不仅要关注经济基本面因素,也要关注预期等因素。

而中国始终愿意为全球经济动态平衡作积极贡献。从加入世界贸易组织后扩大全球供给,到2008年国际金融危机后扩大内需,全球经济多轮重要的动态平衡过程,中国都深入参与其中。

另一方面来说,顺差问题根本上是一个结构问题。

2007年以来,中国经常账户顺差与GDP比值已从9.9%的峰值逐步下降;同时,最近几年,中国对全球经济增长的贡献率稳定在30%左右。这说明中国是“增长引擎”,不是“失衡来源”。

真正需要调整的,是逆差国低储蓄、高消费、产业竞争力不足的问题。

中国也一直致力于通过国际合作,合力解决这个问题。

在近期举行的G20财长和央行行长会议上,中国就提出,逆差国削减财政赤字,提高本国储蓄率,顺差国适度推动消费和投资增长。各国都应制定中长期政策方案,作出明确承诺并坚定执行。

但境外一些声音,仍把问题简单归结于所谓的“产业补贴”和“人民币汇率”,仿佛只要攻击中国,就能缓解自身的问题。

这就是故意抹黑。一线谈判的相关人士跟谭主介绍,上周的G20贸易部长会议上,某些国家设置的议题本身具有很强的歧视性,想要针对中国。但由于成员反对或持不同意见,最终未能实现其意图,没有形成共识。

此前,经济合作与发展组织贸易委员会会议发布联合声明,应对“特定领域中产能过剩的问题”,一些国家却把它包装成承接G20贸易部长会议的讨论成果。

面对这样的现象,国际社会需要有效协商。

解决全球失衡,最终要落到各国怎样调整、怎样作出承诺、怎样共同执行。

这份政策立场要厘清的是三条线:

||一是汇率问题不能政治化,更不能用来抹黑别人。

||二是某些国际组织的报告不是成员国共同商定的,归根到底也是一家之言,不是金科玉律,更不能被选择性使用。多边机制要回到协商一致、平等参与的轨道。

||三是某些国家不能把自己造成的问题包装成别人造成的问题,再甩锅给别人。自己的经济问题到底是谁的责任,要清清楚楚。

央行系统阐述关于人民币汇率的政策立场,本身就是一种表态。

接下来,中国将继续做好自己的事,也始终愿意同各方一道,为全球经济动态平衡和可持续增长作积极贡献。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 中国将继续坚持市场在汇率形成中的决定性作用,避免竞争性贬值,维持有管理的浮动汇率制度。

    Very likely · Within months

  • 在G20等多边平台上,中国将推动逆差国采取结构性改革措施,如削减财政赤字和提高储蓄率,而非仅依赖汇率调整来解决失衡问题。

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 政策立场发布后,国际社会特别是指责方国家的具体反应是什么?
  • 中国是否会根据此立场调整其汇率管理工具或频率?
  • IMF等国际组织是否会修改其评估方法以避免被误用?
  • G20框架下,逆差国是否会采纳中国提出的财政赤字削减和储蓄率提升建议?

Related Topics

This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

Related Stories

Many bank stocks hit record highs. What investment signals do they reveal?
Developing·

Many bank stocks hit record highs. What investment signals do they reveal?

On the first trading day after the National Day holiday, the A-share banking sector was overall strong, with the Shenwan Bank Index rising 1.03%, and Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and Bank of China hitting record highs. Analysts believe that the rise in bank stocks stems from marginal improvement in fundamentals, stabilization of net interest margins, mitigation of asset quality risks, and increased attractiveness of dividend assets in a low interest rate environment, and is not a short-term speculation. Although the stock price has reached a new high, the average price-to-book ratio of the sector is only 0.6 times, and the valuation is still at a net-breaking state. Investors should clearly understand their expectations and conduct batch layout with dividends as the core source of income.

中国新闻网
2 min read
See Jiang Wananti’s “relocation of loose machines to build an AI park” and former economic manager Guo Zhihui: Answer 3 questions first
Business·

See Jiang Wananti’s “relocation of loose machines to build an AI park” and former economic manager Guo Zhihui: Answer 3 questions first

Former Minister of Economic Affairs Kuo Chih-hui questioned Taipei Mayor Chiang Wanan’s political opinion on relocating Songshan Airport to build Taipei AI Park. He emphasized that any park planning must first answer three questions: industrial positioning, transportation and life carrying capacity, and industrial cluster formation. He also advocated that Taiwan needs a national strategy to allow AI technology to flourish everywhere and drive industrial upgrading across the country, rather than simply adding AI parks in downtown Taipei.

自由时报
2 min read
Pound banknotes will welcome "new faces" and historical figures such as Churchill will be replaced
Business·

Pound banknotes will welcome "new faces" and historical figures such as Churchill will be replaced

The Bank of England, the Bank of England, announced that the Atlantic puffin, barn owl, yellow-tailed bumblebee and European hedgehog will appear on the redesigned pound banknotes in the future, replacing the portraits of historical figures such as Churchill and Austin. A total of 478,531 people participated in the vote, and the yellow-tailed bumblebee received the highest vote.

中国新闻网
2 min read
The country’s first “million-passenger flow” high-speed rail station witnesses the surging vitality of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area
Business·

The country’s first “million-passenger flow” high-speed rail station witnesses the surging vitality of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

During the National Day holiday, the single-day passenger arrivals and departures of Guangzhou South Railway Station exceeded 1.049 million, becoming the first railway station in the country with a single-day passenger flow of over one million. A total of 5.5943 million passengers arrived and departed during the holidays, a year-on-year increase of 7.4%. The cross-border passenger volume of the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong high-speed rail reached 135,000, a year-on-year increase of 1.7%. The article points out that the increase in passenger flow reflects the improvement in transportation level and regional development vitality in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and mentions the progress of major projects such as the Shenjiang Railway and the Hongqili Waterway Road-Rail Bridge closure.

中国新闻网
3 min read
Can China use widening yield gap between the US dollar and yuan to boost global role?
Developing·

Can China use widening yield gap between the US dollar and yuan to boost global role?

The 10-year US Treasury yield stood at 5.22% on Thursday, while Chinese government bonds yielded 1.69% on their first trading day after the National Day holiday, creating a yield gap of about 3.5 percentage points — down from a record 3.7 points on September 9. Jiang Zhenlong of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences noted the inversion creates asymmetric effects: pressuring yuan asset appeal and capital flows while increasing dollar funding costs.

SCMP Economy
1 min read
Is the risk in the Taiwan Strait considered too high by the market? U.S. envoy rarely points out investors’ blind spots: serious overvaluation
Developing·

Is the risk in the Taiwan Strait considered too high by the market? U.S. envoy rarely points out investors’ blind spots: serious overvaluation

DeSombre, the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, said that investors have overpriced the risk of conflict in the Taiwan Strait, believing that neither the United States nor China is willing to conflict, and that the current deterrence mechanism is still effective. He emphasized that Beijing would not act rashly when it judged that the operation would not be successful or would require heavy costs, but that deterrence must continue to be credible. The article also mentioned TSMC's key role in the global semiconductor supply chain and the dynamics of U.S.-Taiwan arms sales.

自由时报
2 min read
More on this topic人民币汇率