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Back新給付制度、「白紙」で審議 対象や額は財源次第―消費減税法案
新給付制度、「白紙」で審議 対象や額は財源次第―消費減税法案
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時事通信yesterdayPolitics2 min readJapanView translation

新給付制度、「白紙」で審議 対象や額は財源次第―消費減税法案

Quick Look

政府が消費税減税法案に盛り込んだ就業者負担軽減支援金は、対象者や支援額が未定のまま国会審議に向かう異例の事態となっている。恒久財源の確保が最大の課題で、防衛予算などとの財源競合も懸念される。支援金は一定の勤労所得がある人に定額で支給され、住民税所得割が課税される水準を目安に増額・減額する仕組みだが、具体的な給付額やペースは白紙のままだ。経済同友会は年収250万円までを対象に最大15万円給付した場合の所要額を1.7兆円と試算している。

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Why It Matters

政府は消費税減税法案に就業者負担軽減支援金を盛り込み、一定の勤労所得がある人に定額で支給し、住民税所得割が課税される水準を目安に増額・減額する仕組みを示している。対象者や支援額は未定のまま国会審議に向かう。

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政府が消費税減税法案に盛り込んだ新たな給付制度「就業者負担軽減支援金」は、対象者や支援額が「白紙」のまま国会審議に向かう異例の事態となる。2029年度の本格導入に向け、恒久財源の確保が最大の課題で、制度設計は税収や歳入・歳出の見直し動向に左右される。ただ、膨らむ防衛予算などと財源を奪い合う構図となり、十分な負担軽減効果が得られるかは不透明だ。

支援金は、一定の勤労所得がある人に定額で支給し、「住民税所得割が課税される水準」(非課税限度額は119万円)を目安に徐々に増額。その後再び定額となり、所得がさらに増えると給付を減らしていく仕組み。

政府が先にまとめた税制改正大綱では、定額給付がスタートする所得の下限額について、給与収入ベースで(1)約53万円超(2)74万円超(3)約106万円超―の3案を例示。しかし、給付額や給付ペースが変わる所得額の目安などは白紙のままだ。

大綱では、給付額などは税や社会保険料の海外の負担率を踏まえて検討する方向性を示した。社会保障国民会議の有識者会議で示された米独仏3カ国平均との比較では、日本は共働き・子ども2人家庭の場合、世帯年収375万円では1人当たりの負担が年6.9万円ほど重く、540万円では1.4万円ほど軽い。

首相は8日の国会答弁で「消費税率引き下げの効果を上回る支援を受けられるようにしていく」と強調。9日には消費税減税による年間の負担軽減額は「国民1人当たり約3.6万円」と述べた。こうした水準感が議論のベースになる可能性もある。

経済同友会は、年収250万円までを対象に最大15万円給付した場合の所要額を1.7兆円と試算している。ただ、防衛費や成長戦略の官民投資、金利上昇に伴う利払い費増加などで財政需要は膨らむ一方で、財源を捻出しても、どれだけ支援金に振り向けられるかは未知数だ。

Open Questions

  • 就業者負担軽減支援金の具体的な対象者はどのように決定されるか
  • 支援額はいくらになるか
  • 恒久財源はどのように確保されるか
  • 防衛予算などとの財源競合はどのように解決されるか

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This article was originally published by 時事通信.

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