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Back美國承認擁有太空進攻武器,專家警告可能導致太空軍備競賽
美國承認擁有太空進攻武器,專家警告可能導致太空軍備競賽
Developing
自由时报2 hours agoDefense2 min readChinaView translation

美國承認擁有太空進攻武器,專家警告可能導致太空軍備競賽

Quick Look

美國空軍部長梅因克承認美軍已部署軌道上的太空控制武器,標誌首次公開承認太空進攻能力,但未透露武器類型。專家認為此舉可能促使中俄等國跟進發展類似武器,導致太空軍備競賽升級,同時質疑其嚇阻效果因資訊過於模糊。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

美國長期視太空為軍事與經濟安全的重要領域,近年來中國和俄羅斯被指正在發展威脅美國太空系統的能力,美國此前多以防御姿態論述太空政策。

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美國空軍部長梅因克(Troy Meink)於當地時間週一表示,「美國現已擁有部署於軌道上的太空控制武器,能夠保護聯合作戰部隊,抵禦敵對對手的行動」。這也是迄今為止美國首次承認擁有太空進攻能力,不過這項說法在引起各界高度關注之餘,也有專家警告,此舉可能導致他國政府也投入太空武器擴散。

綜合媒體報導,梅因克在馬里蘭州舉行的年度空軍、太空與網路會議(Air, Space and Cyber Conference)上表示,為因應對手不斷演變的威脅並增強太空能力,美國空軍部署了在軌道上的太空控制武器,梅因克雖未透露武器的類型,但強調可在敵對對手行動前保護聯合作戰部隊,梅因克也說「保持我們在空中乃至太空的優勢至關重要;因此,我們必須採取措施,確保在面臨威脅時能夠予以應對」。

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梅因克也指出,太空已成美國軍事與經濟安全的重要領域,過去10多年來,中國和俄羅斯等對手正在發展威脅美國系統的能力,並強調「我們需要保持太空優勢,因為太空對於我們的運作方式——無論是在軍事、經濟還是民用領域——正變得日益重要」。

不過梅因克拒絕透露武器種類及具體性能,會後也未說明為何選在此時放出這項消息。梅因克稱自己的措辭「從嚇阻角度而言至關重要」,並指進一步說明細節「並不會對嚇阻產生幫助」。

美國智庫「戰略暨國際研究中心」(CSIS)航太安全計畫副主任斯沃普(Clayton Swope)則指出,太空控制可能發生在太空或地球上,包括攻擊衛星地面站或干擾衛星通訊。不過斯沃普認為,梅因克的發言「過於模糊」,難以對中俄構成真正的嚇阻效果。他們需要更清楚地了解該武器的破壞潛力,以及必須越過什麼樣的界限,才會促使美國動用這種武器。

安全世界基金會(Secure World Foundation)太空安全主任薩姆森(Victoria Samson)則表示,由於美國避免製造太空垃圾的政策方向,該武器很可能是太空干擾器。不過她也警告,若是中國或俄國坦承擁有類似武器,梅因克的發言若恐會適得其反、削弱威懾效果,甚至形成惡性循環,「遲早會有人動用其中一種武器」。

外交政策研究所(Foreign Policy Research Institute)研究員萊爾(Sam Lair)也指出,梅因克的發言可能成為美國對手為既有或新興反太空計畫背書的「輿論彈藥」。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 中國和俄羅斯將在未來數月內公開發展或展示反太空武器能力以回應美國的舉動

    Likely · Within months

Open Questions

  • 該太空控制武器的具體類型和性能是什麼?
  • 美國何時以及在什麼情況下會實際使用這種武器?
  • 中俄是否已經或將會發展出對應的反太空武器?

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This article was originally published by 自由时报.

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