
中秋节临近,月饼品类繁多。北京大学第一医院临床营养科主任医师窦攀建议消费者以配料表和营养成分表为选购依据,警惕高糖高油产品,指出新式月饼如无糖、杂粮、冰皮等往往仅口感升级,营养未实现真正低脂低糖,提醒糖尿病患者等特殊人群需控制摄入量并搭配蔬菜延缓糖吸收,建议每日月饼摄入不超50克并替代主食,搭配清淡茶饮与低油烹饪,方可享受传统美食同时维持健康。
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中秋节是中国传统节日,月饼作为节令食品销量集中。近年来市场出现传统与新式月饼并存的情况,消费者在健康意识增强背景下对月饼的糖、油、钠含量关注度增加。
月饼怎么选、怎么吃才健康(信息服务台)
中秋节到来,月饼集中上市。广式、苏式、京式、滇式等传统月饼与流心、冰皮、桃山皮、杂粮等新式月饼同台竞争,不少消费者陷入选择纠结:传统月饼高糖高油,是否会影响慢病指标?新式月饼真的低脂养生、可以放心多吃吗?月饼究竟该怎么挑、怎么吃才健康?记者采访了北京大学第一医院临床营养科主任医师窦攀。
“市面上月饼品类繁多,消费者无需纠结月饼品牌的优劣。包装上的配料表与营养成分表,才是客观可靠的选购标准。”窦攀介绍。
配料表中原料按照添加量从高到低排序,若白砂糖、麦芽糖浆、植物油、黄油、猪板油等位列配料表前三位,说明这款月饼以糖、油为主要基底,属于高油高糖食品,建议谨慎选购。从馅料来看,蛋黄、火腿、鲜肉、莲蓉、枣泥月饼普遍高油高糖;低糖的纯豆沙、配比规范的五仁月饼,油和糖含量相对低一些。
食品营养成分表旧版执行“1+4”(能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、钠)强制标示,新版国标升级为“1+6”,新增饱和脂肪(酸)、糖两项指标,将于2027年3月正式强制执行。目前市场新旧标签并存。窦攀提醒,选购月饼时,要仔细对照营养成分表,同为100克(如包装标注不是每100克,需要自行换算),优先选择能量较低的产品,再重点关注脂肪、钠、糖3项指标。尽量挑选脂肪、钠含量偏低的产品,如果是新版标签,还可进一步留意总脂肪项下的饱和脂肪。鲜肉、火腿月饼钠含量往往更高,摄入过多容易造成水肿,也不利于血压管控;糖的指标仅新版标签会强制展示,广式甜口月饼糖水平普遍偏高,挑选时需多加留意。
近年来,无糖、杂粮、冰皮、药食同源等品类被不少消费者当作养生之选。在窦攀看来,新式月饼大多只是口感升级,营养层面并未真正实现低脂低糖,部分养生宣传存在夸大成分。
市面上热销的“无糖月饼”,多数使用糖醇类甜味剂替代白砂糖,升糖幅度、总热量会有所下降。但饼皮与馅料当中的淀粉依旧可以转化为葡萄糖,带来血糖上升风险,糖尿病患者以及减重人群需严格控制食用量;杂粮月饼中杂粮添加占比普遍偏低,基底仍以精制面粉为主,基本达不到代餐减脂的效果;冰皮月饼以精制糯米粉搭配白砂糖制成,升糖速度较快;流心、奶黄月饼添加大量炼乳、奶油,饱和脂肪含量较高;水果月饼馅料大多由果酱、香精调配而成,含糖量不少。
针对备受追捧的养生概念,窦攀特别提醒,添加人参、石斛等药食同源原料的月饼,功能性成分添加量极低。月饼属于节令偶尔食用的食品,不能指望其产生保健功效。
“月饼不宜当作普通零食,食用时需替代部分主食,避免在正餐之外额外加餐。”窦攀提示,中秋期间建议每日月饼摄入量不超过50克,吃一小块月饼,就要适当减少米饭、馒头等主食量。
血糖偏高及糖尿病患者,应避开高糖款流心、冰皮、水果月饼,如需食用,务必严格控制摄入量,且不要单独食用月饼,可以搭配蔬菜延缓糖分吸收;减脂、高血脂人群尽量不吃酥皮、蛋黄、火腿月饼;慢性胃肠炎人群慎食添加麦芽糖醇等糖醇的无糖月饼,易致腹胀;容易过敏人群,食用月饼前需留意包装上的过敏原提示,明确自身禁忌,规避食用风险。
食用月饼可搭配菊花茶、淡乌龙茶等饮品解腻,佐以绿叶蔬菜、低糖水果、鸡蛋、无糖酸奶等食物,延缓糖分吸收、减轻油腻感,均衡一餐膳食结构。切忌与甜饮料、油炸食品、精制主食一同食用,加重胃肠道消化负担。
食用月饼当天,三餐饮食建议少油、少糖、少盐,优先选择清蒸、水煮、凉拌的烹饪方式,尽量避开红烧、油炸、爆炒菜肴。可根据自身情况安排30分钟左右的中等强度运动,循序渐进即可,通过快走、慢跑等方式消耗多余热量,让传统节令美食适配现代健康生活,做到过节、养生两不误。

Alcohol-based "indicator drugs" such as Polyreta B and Visby have been flowing into the labor market at low prices and illegally for a long time. They enjoy the advantage of being exempt from tobacco and alcohol taxes, which may increase the risk of cancer, liver cirrhosis and industrial safety among grassroots workers. Minister of Health and Welfare Shi Chongliang said that he will strengthen the promotion of drug use and instruct the Food and Drug Administration to discuss with the industry whether to adjust product classification. Studies have shown that Taiwanese workers consume high concentrations of such drinks, with one in five people having the habit of drinking. However, 75% do not know the recommended daily amount and alcohol concentration, which can easily lead to health and safety risks.

Xie Xiaoyun, an obstetrician and gynecologist at Taichung Veterans General Hospital, pointed out that due to the influence of hormonal changes before and after women's menopause, fat distribution may shift from the buttocks and thighs to the abdomen and around the internal organs. Even if the weight does not increase, the lower abdomen will become obvious. She reminded that when losing weight after the age of 40, you should pay attention to muscle retention, changes in waist circumference and adequate protein intake to avoid muscle loss caused by eating less alone.

Hsinchu County Health Director Yin Dongcheng announced that the publicly funded influenza vaccine and the COVID-19 vaccine will be administered simultaneously on October 1. Eligible persons can be vaccinated at the same time and receive health coins. The flu vaccine will give 450 coins, and the COVID-19 vaccine will give 900 coins, which can be exchanged for health gifts at cooperative supermarkets. He also called on high-risk groups to get vaccinated in time to prevent severe illness.

During the Mid-Autumn Festival, there are frequent fake barbecue dinners. According to statistics from the CDC, 70 diarrhea clusters have been reported across the country in the past four weeks, of which 25 were found to be norovirus, accounting for nearly 90% of the detected pathogenic cases. Yan Zonghai from Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital reminded that norovirus is highly contagious and only a small number of virus particles can cause illness. He called on meat and seafood to be thoroughly cooked, separate raw and cooked food utensils, and wash hands frequently. People with symptoms should avoid handling food and rest. In serious cases, seek medical treatment as soon as possible to prevent dehydration or worsening of the condition.

The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute affiliated with Harvard Medical School and the 23andMe team analyzed the genetic data of more than 3.3 million people and found that the rare congenital EGFR T790M mutation is highly correlated with the risk of lung cancer in never-smokers. The relative risk of carriers is more than 60 times higher in never-smokers. However, this mutation is extremely rare. On average, only one person per 15,000 people in the United States carries it.

Internet celebrity physician Carlos Jaramillo analyzed the scientific evidence of blueberries on blood vessels, brain and intestinal flora. He pointed out that the absorption rate of anthocyanins is low and requires intestinal microbial metabolism. 150 grams of blueberries per day for 6-12 weeks can improve vascular endothelial function, but does not directly lower blood pressure or blood sugar. Long-term consumption can reduce the risk of myocardial infarction by 34%. It has a cognitive improvement effect on people with mild cognitive decline, but it is not suitable for young people to improve their brain power. It is recommended to eat in moderation and consult a professional.