
台灣研究發現,夫妻其中一人罹患失智症,另一半發生全因性失智症的相對風險顯著上升,營養師薛曉晶提出照顧者飲食五重點。
台灣一項近百萬人的研究指出,配偶罹患失智症會使另一半的失智風險大幅增加。營養師薛曉晶提醒長期照顧者切莫忽略自身健康,並提出攝取蛋白質、維持澱粉與水分等五大日常營養建議。
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台灣研究分析健保資料庫,探討夫妻一方罹患失智症對另一半健康的影響。
〔健康頻道/綜合報導〕爸媽其中一人罹患失智症,另一位可能風險大增!營養師薛曉晶指出,台灣近百萬人研究發現,女性配偶罹患失智症後,自己未來發生全因性失智症的相對風險高74%,男性也高約69%。她提醒,照顧者除了要注意睡眠與壓力,更要做到每餐吃蛋白質、不省略澱粉、每週吃1至2次魚、蔬果要吃、水分也要補足,別因忙著照顧家人而忽略自己的健康。
薛曉晶於臉書「營養師媽媽曉晶的生活筆記」發文分享,2026年7月,國家衛生研究院研究學者與中國醫藥大學附設醫院、台大醫院雲林分院等研究團隊,在《JAMA Network Open》發表了一項台灣全國性研究。研究規模接近100萬人,結果值得注意,夫妻其中一人罹患失智症後,另一半未來發生失智症的風險,也比較高。
研究使用台灣全民健康保險資料庫,分析1998-2022年的資料,最後納入 955,105人,其中118,904位女性的配偶罹患失智症,72,117位男性的配偶罹患失智症。結果發現,女性如果另一半罹患失智症,之後發生全因性失智症的相對風險高74%;男性則高約69%。
照顧者也要吃得夠
不過,薛曉晶說明,研究數字並不代表「另一半失智,自己就一定會失智」。以5年風險來看,有失智配偶的女性為6.47%,沒有失智配偶者為3.72%;男性則分別為9.24%及5.75%。換言之,爸媽其中一個人失智之後,另一個人也應該立刻被放進全家的健康照顧名單,不能因為還有能力照顧別人,就默認他的身體一定沒問題。
薛曉晶提醒,長期照顧者最容易忽略自己的飲食,忙完患者後,有些人只吃麵包、餅乾或泡麵,甚至直接把患者吃剩的食物當成一餐,長期下來可能影響體重、肌肉、體力及整體營養狀態。
照顧者吃得夠不夠?薛曉晶建議,日常可實踐的營養行動方案,必須擁有以下5重點:
1.先把每餐的蛋白質留下來
每餐都要有蛋白質,避免肌肉流失。可選2顆蛋、1個手掌大的魚或雞肉、豆腐、豆干、豆漿、乳品。 如果一次吃不多,可以分散到三餐補充。
2.不要只吃菜配飯,澱粉也不能一直省
有些高齡照顧者忙起來,午餐就剩半碗稀飯配青菜,覺得「有吃就好」。每餐至少保留約1/4-1/2碗飯、地瓜、燕麥或其他全穀雜糧,再搭配蛋白質與蔬菜,會比只吃一點菜、一點粥完整很多。
3.一週有沒有吃魚
魚類除了提供蛋白質,也能補充Omega-3脂肪酸,每週1-2次開始。其他餐再輪流用蛋、豆腐、雞肉、瘦肉,避免因為方便,長期變成香腸、肉鬆、火腿或罐頭撐過一餐。
4.蔬菜水果有沒有吃夠
午、晚餐各至少半碗蔬菜。水果每天約 2份,可分開吃,牙口不好或食量小,可選嫩葉菜、瓜類、菇類並煮軟。
5.一整天有沒有喝水
照顧失智長輩時,很多人怕一直跑廁所,乾脆不喝水。不少照顧者忙到連水都忘了喝,少量、多次喝水,比一次大量飲用更容易做到。

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