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Back收藏这份安全生产实用手册
收藏这份安全生产实用手册
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中国新闻网1 hour agoBusiness9 min readChinaView translation

收藏这份安全生产实用手册

当前正值生产经营活跃期与季节性风险叠加期,各类安全隐患交织,应急管理部梳理重点风险领域和防范要点。

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当前正值生产经营活跃期与季节性风险叠加期,国务院安委会办公室及应急管理部部署重点防范有限空间作业、隧道施工安全、工贸行业火灾等风险,压实安全生产责任。

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Why It Matters

当前正值生产经营活跃期与季节性风险叠加期,各类安全隐患交织。国务院安委会办公室近期作出了相关通报及工作部署。

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收藏这份安全生产实用手册

当前正值生产经营活跃期与季节性风险叠加期,各类安全隐患交织。结合近期国务院安委会办公室通报及应急管理部工作部署,梳理了当前需重点警惕的风险领域和防范要点,这份安全生产实用手册请收藏。

有限空间作业:警惕“隐形杀手”

国务院安委会办公室9月发布风险提示,通报了今年以来工贸行业6起有限空间作业较大事故。这6起事故分布广泛,从浙江舟山的海洋生物制品企业到四川绵阳的纺织公司,从山西运城的灰业公司到河南郑州的纸业公司,再到贵州贵阳、福建龙岩的钙业和科技公司,无一例外都是中毒事故。

有限空间是指封闭或部分封闭,进出口较为狭窄有限,未被设计为固定工作场所,自然通风不良,易造成有毒有害、易燃易爆物质积聚或氧含量不足的空间。如:地下室、下水道、化粪池、污水井、地窖、电缆井、污水处理池、深基坑、锅炉等。

绝大多数事故中,作业人员均未履行作业审批手续,未对有限空间进行通风、气体检测,未佩戴合格的安全防护装备,便擅自进入作业,完全无视最基本的安全准则,“无知无畏”最终酿成悲剧。

超80%的有限空间死亡事故中,都存在盲目施救导致伤亡扩大的问题。现场人员缺乏科学救援知识,在未做好个体防护、不具备救援条件的情况下,仅凭一腔热血冒险入池施救,最终不仅没能救回遇险人员,反而让自己也陷入险境,造成伤亡人数成倍增加。

涉事企业普遍存在主要负责人安全意识淡薄、未建立健全安全生产责任制、未组织开展有限空间专项安全培训、未制定应急预案并开展演练、现场无监护人员、未配备气体检测仪和应急救援装备等问题,安全管理层层失守,最终导致事故发生。

隧道施工:全生命周期安全管理

我国隧道(洞)在建规模大,长隧道、特长隧道多,部分工程面临坍塌、突水突泥、瓦斯爆炸等多重风险,“较大以上事故时有发生,安全生产形势严峻复杂”。

9月初,国务院安委会办公室联合国家发展改革委、住房城乡建设部、交通运输部等九部门印发通知,以全生命周期安全管理为目标,抓好隧道施工安全“一件事”全链条整治。通知聚焦开挖方式、招投标管理、工期管控、资金保障、超前地质预报、隐蔽工程施工、设计变更、物资设备采购等关键环节,要求推动隧道工程规划、勘察、设计、建设、运营等各环节有序衔接。

工贸行业:火灾风险不容忽视

工贸行业的火灾风险具有鲜明的季节性特征。当前虽已入秋,但部分地区仍持续高温,企业用电负荷较大。一些劳动密集型企业存在电路私搭乱接、线路老化、消防通道堵塞等问题,“一旦生产车间发生意外,易造成较大伤亡”。

防范措施:

——强化防火分区

生产区与仓储区必须物理隔离,严禁“多合一”混用。使用防火墙、防火门,避免“火烧连营”。

——规范易燃物管理

化学品、塑料颗粒等须专库储存,限量堆放,远离火源。及时清理粉尘、纤维等漂浮可燃杂物,按照标准分类存放易燃物品。

——严格动火作业

电焊、切割等作业需审批,现场配置灭火器材,专人监护,员工持证上岗,杜绝违规操作。

——全员培训演练

开展经常性的消防安全宣传教育,每季度组织消防演练,确保员工掌握灭火器使用、疏散逃生技能。新员工入职必过“安全关”,掌握灭火疏散和逃生自救基本技能。制定灭火和应急疏散预案,组织进行有针对性的消防演练。

——落实责任到人

落实消防安全责任制,制定消防安全制度、消防安全操作规程。定期开展防火巡查、检查,及时消除火灾隐患,建立消防安全台账,明确管理层、车间、班组的防火职责。实行24小时巡查制,隐患即查即改。

——升级消防设施

配备自动喷淋系统、烟雾报警器,定期维护和保养消防设施和器材,严禁损坏、挪用、遮挡。

责任落实:安全生产的“牛鼻子”

国务院常务会议明确要求,针对规章制度落实不严、工程层层转包、安全监管不到位等问题,采取有力措施切实加以解决。要严格属地管理,落实“三管三必须”要求,进一步压紧压实安全生产责任。

“三管三必须”即管行业必须管安全、管业务必须管安全、管生产经营必须管安全。这一原则的核心在于,安全不是某一个部门的“独角戏”,而是贯穿于行业管理、业务运行全过程的基本要求。

今年6月,国务院安委会办公室通报了安全生产领域部分弄虚作假典型案例,涉及勘察、设计、施工、监理、评价、检测、检验等多个环节。国务院安委办要求坚决遏制安全生产领域弄虚作假问题,堵塞安全管理漏洞。

随着中秋、国庆临近,群众走亲访友、外出活动将增多,人流、物流、车流集中,安全风险交织叠加。

多地应急管理部门负责人表示,将继续全力推进各类专项整治行动,切实加强重点行业领域和场所火灾隐患排查;同时织密责任落实“防护网”,靶向发力、防查结合,聚焦生产经营、交通、旅游等重点领域,确保各项安全部署精准落地,为佳节营造安全稳定社会环境。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 多地应急管理部门将继续推进各类专项整治行动

    Very likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 各地具体专项整治行动的成效如何?
  • 涉事企业整改落实情况怎样?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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