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Back墨西哥和秘魯業者指控中國大蒜非法湧入市場,影響本地生產
墨西哥和秘魯業者指控中國大蒜非法湧入市場,影響本地生產
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自由时报1 hour agoBusiness2 min readChinaView translation

墨西哥和秘魯業者指控中國大蒜非法湧入市場,影響本地生產

Quick Look

墨西哥和秘魯的業內人士譴責大量中國大蒜透過非正規管道進口,利用政府補貼降低成本,使本地種植者難以競爭,並警告缺乏可追溯性的中國大蒜可能帶來食品安全風險。

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Why It Matters

中國佔全球大蒜產量的約80%,其低價部分歸因於政府補貼,使得其他國家的種植者在價格競爭中處於劣勢。

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中國蒜頭約佔全球產量的80%。(路透)

〔財經頻道/綜合報導〕墨西哥和秘魯的業內人士譴責大量中國大蒜非法湧入兩國市場,並指出國內生產商難以與這些中國大蒜競爭,爆料者因害怕遭到報復而要求匿名。

根據資料顯示,有幾個明顯的特徵可以幫助區分中國大蒜和本地種植的大蒜。首先是收穫時間。如果新鮮收穫的大蒜在非本地產季上市,那麼它很可能來自中國。蒜頭的外觀、成熟度和胚芽的形狀對於熟悉大蒜的人來說也具有重要的辨別意義。

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一位消息人士說道:「站在五公尺外,你就能輕易分辨出大蒜的產地」,他還指出蒜頭的形狀也是中國大蒜與墨西哥大蒜或秘魯大蒜的一個顯著辨別方法。

價格是另一個關鍵因素。中國約佔全球大蒜產量的80%,據相關人士透露,其中很大一部分產量受益於國家補貼,人為地降低了從種植者到貿易商再到出口商的整個供應鏈的成本。這使得其他國家的種植者幾乎不可能與之匹敵,尤其是在其他地區,大蒜的生產成本通常在每公頃1.5萬至2萬美元之間,產量僅12至14噸。

除了價格因素外,受訪人士強調,墨西哥或秘魯大蒜與中國大蒜的主要差異不在於蒜頭的外觀,而在於其產地保障。

他們表示,國產大蒜擁有食品安全認證,生產過程透明公開;而非法進口的中國大蒜則缺乏可追溯性,無法確定其在上市前種植、加工或處理過程中的衛生狀況。

由於此類商品繞過了標準的植物檢疫和海關檢查,因此無法核實農藥使用、灌溉條件或產品加工過程;這既會損害公平競爭,也會危及最終消費者的利益。

受訪人士一致認為,在墨西哥,走私大蒜與其他非法貨物一樣,都是透過相同的路線和邊境口岸進入的,這也解釋了為什麼出口部門大多不願公開談論這個問題。這種情況使得準確估算究竟有多少大蒜透過非正規管道流入墨西哥和秘魯變得困難,儘管業內人士一致認為當地大蒜價格面臨明顯的下行壓力。

此外,一些產區的種植面積減少等其他因素也加劇了這一趨勢。該行業呼籲加強可追溯性和更嚴格的邊境管制,並強調只要與亞洲產品的價格差距持續存在,就會繼續有動機採取這些做法。

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Open Questions

  • 墨西哥和秘魯政府是否將採取具體措施打擊非法大蒜進口?
  • 受影響的本地種植者是否將獲得政府補償或轉產協助?
  • 非法中國大蒜的具體走私路線和規模是多少?

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