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Back李忠憲的思考》人性,是國家安全最難修補的漏洞
李忠憲的思考》人性,是國家安全最難修補的漏洞
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自由时报2 hours agoDefense4 min readChinaView translation

李忠憲的思考》人性,是國家安全最難修補的漏洞

資安學者李忠憲分析:情報機關利用情感滲透,遠比技術攻擊更難防範

Quick Look

輝達執行長黃仁勳承認對妻子不忠,美國情報單位懷疑其關係密切的一名中國籍女企業高層可能遭中國情報機關吸收,試圖蒐集先進人工智慧晶片資訊並影響出口政策。作者指出,人性弱點是國家安全最難防範的一環,遠比技術漏洞更嚴重。

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Why It Matters

輝達執行長黃仁勳承認對妻子不忠,董事會展開獨立調查。美國情報單位懷疑與他關係密切的一名中國籍女企業高層可能遭中國情報機關吸收,試圖蒐集先進人工智慧晶片資訊並影響美國對中國的晶片出口政策。輝達表示目前沒有理由相信國家安全或公司機密已受危害,情報指控尚未證實。

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凡是邪惡的政權,都會採取挑戰人性的惡劣方法。因為他們知道,最難攻破的系統不一定是電腦,最容易被突破的防線,有時候反而是人性。這也是影響台灣國家安全最難提防的部分。

國家安全、資訊安全最脆弱的一環就是人!

黃仁勳的問題,如果只是像某些美國科技界大老闆一樣,涉及亂七八糟的男女關係或婚外情,頂多是個人的道德問題。但是黃仁勳不一樣,他掌握的是人工智慧、先進晶片,以及全球科技競爭最敏感的核心技術。而最重要的是中國的威脅!

根據最新報導,黃仁勳已經承認對妻子不忠,輝達董事會也宣布展開獨立調查。美國情報單位懷疑,與他關係密切的一名中國籍女企業高層,可能遭到中國情報機關吸收,試圖蒐集先進人工智慧晶片的相關資訊,甚至影響美國對中國的晶片出口政策。當然,這些情報指控尚未獲得調查證實,輝達也表示,目前沒有理由相信國家安全或公司機密已經受到危害。但是,這件事情所揭露的國家安全風險,遠比婚外情本身嚴重得多。

輝達執行長黃仁勳(右)認了與疑似中國女間諜的黃樂(左)有婚外情。(圖擷自NetThunder領英貼文)

以前在柏林歌德上課的時候,曾經接觸過東德秘密警察「史塔西」(Stasi)的歷史。冷戰時期,東德情報機關曾經訓練所謂的「羅密歐間諜」(Romeo Spies),讓男性情報人員刻意接近西德政府機關的女性職員,透過戀愛與親密關係取得機密。對這些情報機關而言,愛情不是愛情,而是一種可以設計、操縱與利用的情報工具。人類最珍貴的情感,竟然可以被國家機器改造成滲透他人的武器。那時候同學們對這件事情都哈哈大笑,這就是人性。

而這也正是極權體制令人不寒而慄的地方。一般人談到情報戰,想到的可能是駭客、惡意程式、網路攻擊或竊取文件。但是更高明的情報工作,有時候根本不需要破解密碼,只需要讓掌握密碼的人相信某個人。當信任建立以後,資訊、判斷、決策,甚至政治立場,都可能逐漸受到影響。更可怕的是,當事人未必知道自己已經成為情報工作的目標。

黃仁勳事件對台灣最大的警示,不是我們應該如何評論他的婚姻,而是必須重新理解國家安全的本質。台灣面對中國的滲透,從來不只是軍事威脅或網路攻擊。政治人物、軍事將領、科技企業主管、學者,甚至掌握關鍵資訊的普通職員,都可能因為金錢、情感、虛榮、權力或人際信任,成為情報機關試圖接近的對象。這些人的弱點不一定是貪婪,也可能只是寂寞、善良,或希望獲得別人的理解與肯定。

資訊安全有一個重要觀念:不能因為系統內部的人值得信任,就假設所有接近他的人也值得信任。這也是零信任架構值得我們思考的地方。真正成熟的安全制度,不應該建立在每個人都能抵抗誘惑的假設上,而是承認人性有弱點,透過制度降低個人犯錯可能造成的傷害。

真正成熟的安全制度,是承認人性有弱點,並透過制度降低個人犯錯可能造成的傷害;示意圖。(歐新社)

我一直認為,台灣最難防範的國家安全威脅,不一定是中國有多麼先進的駭客技術,而是它有能力針對不同的人,尋找不同的人性弱點。金錢可以收買一些人,權力可以誘惑另一些人,感情則可能讓原本非常理性的人失去警覺。這不是說任何與中國人交往的人都有問題,而是不能因為私人關係看似無害,就忽略其中可能存在的利益衝突與情報風險。

最值得警惕的是,技術漏洞通常可以透過更新程式來修補,制度漏洞也可能透過改革來改善,但是人性的漏洞,往往要等到造成傷害以後,才有人發現。

國家的安全不能只寄託在重要人物的道德與自制力上。因為再堅固的晶片防線,也未必抵擋得住一個人卸下戒心的瞬間。

黃仁勳致輝達員工的一封信。(取自官網)

(作者為資安學者,本文僅代表作者個人意見,與任教單位無關。)

本文經授權轉載自李忠憲臉書

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 輝達獨立調查將針對黃仁勳與該中國籍高層的關係展開,並評估是否涉及機密外洩。

    Very likely · Within weeks

  • 美國情報單位將繼續調查該中國籍女高層是否遭中國情報機關吸收。

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 美國情報單位的指控是否會獲得證實?
  • 輝達獨立調查的結果將如何?
  • 該中國籍女高層是否確實涉及情報活動?
  • 此事件是否會影響美國對中國的晶片出口政策?

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