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Back西班牙大罷工:數萬人參與、巴塞羅那爆發警民衝突
西班牙大罷工:數萬人參與、巴塞羅那爆發警民衝突
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BBC中文20 minutes agoWorld4 min readChinaView translation

西班牙大罷工:數萬人參與、巴塞羅那爆發警民衝突

Quick Look

西班牙主要工会因住房问题及生活成本高涨发起全国大罢工,数万人参与,巴塞罗那部分蒙面男子与警方冲突,交通及公共服务受严重影响,11月29日国会选举临近。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

西班牙14年来首次全国大罢工,源于持续的住房抗议与生活成本上升。87岁的玛丽卡门·阿巴斯卡尔被迫迁离居住70年的住所,数周后在医院去世,成为抗议导火线。马德里租金持续攀升,2026年10月一间50平方米公寓平均月租1170欧元,近占平均税前月薪2460欧元的一半。首相桑切斯住房改革方案在国会未通过后宣布提前改选,定于11月29日举行。

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西班牙主要工会因住房问题及生活成本高涨而发起全国大罢工。数以万计民众参与示威后,巴塞罗那部分蒙面男子与警方爆发冲突。

这是西班牙14年来首次全国大罢工。

约12万人参加首都马德里的示威活动,巴塞罗那则有超过5万人上街。现场画面显示,有蒙面男子焚烧垃圾桶、砸毁商店橱窗,警方则发射催泪瓦斯驱散群众。

全西班牙交通运输及多项公共服务受到严重影响。

西班牙将于11月29日举行国会选举。

西班牙大型工会劳动者总联盟(UGT)领袖佩佩·阿尔瓦雷斯表示,这次罢工有「大量」民众参与,成果显著;工人委员会(CC OO)领袖乌奈·索尔多则称参与率「非常可观」。

周三(11月11日)晚间,巴塞罗那市中心部署大批警力,员警配备头盔及防暴盾牌。

部分冲突发生在市中心加泰隆尼亚广场(Plaça de Catalunya)附近的格拉西亞大道(Passeig de Gràcia)。

由于垃圾桶遭纵火,街道中央出现多处小型火势。当地媒体报导称,有群众朝警方发射烟火,并闯入商店抢掠,包括乐高(Lego)专卖店;另有示威者试图进入苹果(Apple)商店。

一名参与巴塞罗那示威活动的女子向BBC表示,大部分示威其实相当和平且「气氛愉快」。

她说自己是为抗议高昂住房成本而上街,「现场有很多小孩和老人」。

当晚她身处兰布拉大道(Las Ramblas)一带,目睹街头火势。

她说:「到处都是火,场面非常激烈。」

稍早时,马德里和巴塞罗那多条主要道路交通中断,引发大规模混乱。

西班牙内政部表示,已有数十人因各类事件遭到逮捕。西班牙媒体则报导称,多家房地产仲介公司办公室遭到攻击。

一名马德里示威者向路透社表示:「我们完全让整座城市瘫痪了。」

他补充说,罢工获得广泛支持。「即使下着雨,大家还是都走上街头。」

另一名示威者、37岁教师奥尔加·多明戈则表示,她参与抗议是因为:「住房问题太离谱了。目前的生活成本与薪资水准相比,根本无法负担。」

这场大罢工源自全国各地持续不断的住房抗议与生活成本上升。

导火线则是87岁的玛丽卡门·阿巴斯卡尔遭迁离事件。她被迫搬离自己居住了70年的马德里住所,数周后在医院去世。

近年马德里租金持续攀升。

根据房地产网站 Idealista 资料,2026年10月马德里一间50平方公尺公寓平均月租为1,170欧元(1,300美元;8,680元人民币;4.26万元新台币),而西班牙平均税前月薪约为2,460欧元。

这意味着租金已占平均薪资近一半,远高于住房专家及公共机构通常建议的30%可负担标准。

社会党籍首相佩德罗·桑切斯上月在国会未能通过住房改革方案后,宣布提前改选。

西班牙上一次全国大罢工是在2012年,当时执政的是保守派首相马里亚诺·拉霍伊。

虽然历来大罢工往往对执政党不利,但这次情况有所不同。桑切斯及其内阁成员甚至公开鼓励劳工罢工,要求更可负担的住房。

桑切斯在社群媒体写道:「你们的八小时工作制、退休金、公营医疗体系……这些都是集体奋斗换来的成果。」他同时赞扬历次罢工参与者。

相较之下,保守派的人民党(PP)则批评政府企图利用罢工争取选票。

人民党党魁艾伯托·努涅斯·费霍称这场大罢工「荒谬至极」,并形容工会是「黑手党」和「垃圾」。

费霍领导的人民党目前在民调中保持领先。

人民党发言人米格尔·特亚多则指控政府利用罢工向选民发出警告,试图阻止右翼政府上台,而这正是11月29日大选最有可能出现的结果。

桑切斯本周接受西班牙电视台访问时回应:「真正荒谬的是质疑劳工罢工的权利。」

27岁的贡萨洛·阿尔瓦雷斯也是罢工参与者之一。当天他穿梭于马德里市中心各处纠察线之间。

虽然本职工作是销售人员,但他同时也是一个住房工会的志工,协助保障租户权益并推广相关知识。

他向BBC表示,9月底玛丽卡门·阿巴斯卡尔遭驱逐事件就是引爆这场抗议的「小火苗」。

阿尔瓦雷斯认识这位87岁妇人。新房东要求支付三倍租金,他对她受到的待遇感到非常难过。

目前他与担任牙科卫生师的女友共同租住在马德里南部阿甘苏埃拉区(Arganzuela)一间一房公寓。两人每月共支付1,000欧元房租,意味着每人光房租就已占薪资近一半,尚未计入其他开支。

他说:「真的太疯狂了……还有食物、电费、水费、瓦斯费。」

谈及买房可能性,他表示:「你必须存下一笔夸张的金额才买得起房子。以目前的薪资来说,根本不可能。」

他认为以现今房价与租金水准来看:「买房完全是不可能的事。」

不过,西班牙最大商会企业组织联合会(CEOE)副主席米格尔·加里多批评此次罢工,认为企业与房价上涨并无太大关系。

西班牙多个大城市当天稍晚均安排示威活动。外界普遍认为,支持规模将成为观察大选前民众不满程度的重要指标。

What to Watch

AI outlook — possibilities, not facts

  • 西班牙各大城市将继续举行示威活动,罢工相关社会不满将成为11月29日大选前的关键议题。

    Very likely · Within days

  • 政府与工会之间的对立将在选举前持续,住房政策将成为竞选核心议题。

    Likely · Within weeks

Open Questions

  • 罢工具体持续时间及后续行动计划
  • 巴塞罗那冲突中受伤及被捕人数的详细统计
  • 政府是否会出台新的住房应对措施
  • 罢工对11月29日大选结果的具体影响

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This article was originally published by BBC中文.

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