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Back秋季花粉过敏高发期到来,新型药物司普奇拜单抗怎么用?一文了解
秋季花粉过敏高发期到来,新型药物司普奇拜单抗怎么用?一文了解
Health
中国新闻网2 hours agoHealth6 min readChinaView translation

秋季花粉过敏高发期到来,新型药物司普奇拜单抗怎么用?一文了解

秋季花粉致敏性更强,易累及下呼吸道甚至诱发哮喘。针对中重度季节性过敏性鼻炎的药物司普奇拜单抗已纳入医保,它适合哪些患者?

Quick Look

秋季花粉季来临,过敏症状较春季更为严重且易累及下呼吸道。针对中重度季节性过敏性鼻炎的新型生物制剂司普奇拜单抗已进入医保,本文介绍了秋季过敏特点、防护方法及该药物的适用人群。

AI-generated summary

Why It Matters

夏秋花粉季集中在7~9月,8月下旬到9月上旬是最高峰。部分患者靠口服抗过敏药和鼻喷激素维持,但症状可能反复发作。

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每到春秋花粉季,不少人都会陷入过敏性鼻炎的“煎熬模式”:鼻塞堵到无法入睡、频繁打喷嚏、鼻痒难忍,还伴随眼痒、流泪、眼红等眼部过敏症状。

部分患者靠口服抗过敏药、鼻喷激素维持,却发现药效越来越弱,症状反反复复,严重影响睡眠、工作和日常生活质量。

近日,一款针对季节性过敏性鼻炎的药物——司普奇拜单抗引发广泛关注,它适用哪些情况?秋季过敏又该如何应对?一起了解。

秋季花粉过敏,易伤下呼吸道

在我国北方,秋季花粉过敏原主要来自4类杂草:菊科(蒿属、豚草属);大麻科(葎草“拉拉秧”);藜科(如灰绿藜);禾本科(如狗尾草)。

春季花粉过敏以眼痒、鼻痒、喷嚏、流涕等上呼吸道症状为主,秋季杂草花粉过敏容易“往下走”,累及下呼吸道,甚至诱发哮喘,症状更顽固,还可能诱发“花粉-食物过敏综合征”。

秋季过敏相较于春季来说有所不同,一些人的症状较春季更为严重。通常,夏秋花粉季集中在7~9月,8月下旬到9月上旬是最高峰。其中京津冀、内蒙古、陕西、宁夏等都是高发区。

秋季花粉致敏性更强

春季花粉浓度虽然高于秋季,但秋季花粉的致敏性更强。秋季花粉大多来源于杂草,颗粒小且干燥,易飘浮在空中,让人防不胜防。蒿草花粉就是重要的致敏原之一,部分人群只接触少量蒿草花粉就可发生严重的过敏反应。

秋季霉菌滋生更多

秋季晨露或降雨残留、落叶和腐烂植被有助霉菌滋生。当人接触或吸入霉菌孢子时,也易出现过敏。

秋季气候比春季更干燥

秋季空气干燥且紫外线较强,皮肤易流失水分、屏障功能减弱,常出现干性湿疹和过敏性皮炎。此外,秋季也是室内过敏高发期,这主要与缺乏通风,造成室内尘螨、皮屑过多,引发过敏反应有关。

秋季过敏应对方法

立秋之后进入秋季花粉高发窗口期,建议提前防护,不要等症状发作再干预。

花粉过敏≠普通感冒:一般不发热、无全身酸痛,鼻痒、喷嚏、眼痒反复出现,随花粉周期波动。

高发时段外出戴好口罩、护目镜,尽量避开午后花粉浓度高峰长时间户外活动。

到家第一时间更换外出外套,清洗面部、鼻腔,不要把花粉带入卧室。

白天花粉浓度高时关好门窗,可以搭配空气净化器降低室内花粉负荷。

生理盐水冲洗鼻腔,冲走附着花粉,适合长期日常护理。

口服抗组胺药、鼻喷抗炎药物、抗过敏滴眼液仅起到对症缓解作用,请务必遵医嘱使用。

脱敏治疗为对因治疗方案,一般建议花粉季结束后再评估启动治疗。

如果出现喘息、胸闷憋气、严重睡眠受影响等较重表现,请及时前往变态反应科就诊。

司普奇拜单抗进入医保哪类患者适用?

司普奇拜单抗是全球唯一治疗中重度季节性过敏性鼻炎的IL-4Rα抗体药物,同时也是国产首个治疗中重度特应性皮炎的生物制剂。该药物的3项适应症均在2026年1月1日正式进入医保报销范围。

作为注射类生物制剂,司普奇拜单抗用药流程简单,无需频繁给药。常规皮下注射频次为每2周一次。

该药有明确临床适用范围,并非所有鼻炎患者都适用。

适用病症:季节性过敏性鼻炎(春秋季花粉过敏诱发的鼻炎);适用程度:中重度患者;治疗前提:经过鼻用糖皮质激素与口服抗组胺药规范治疗后,症状依然控制不佳、反复发作;适用年龄:仅适用于18岁及以上成人,暂不适用于儿童及青少年。

特别提示:目前所有过敏性疾病均无法根治。靶向生物制剂可长期深度压制过敏炎症,降低换季发作频率、减轻发作强度、稳定状态,以达到长期控制的目的。

如需使用司普奇拜单抗,具体疗程需由医生根据患者症状的严重程度、换季周期,制定个性化方案,以精准适配花粉季的治疗需求。

秋季过敏不是“忍一忍”就能过去的,积极预防、规范治疗是关键。如果出现疑似过敏症状,请及时就医。

Open Questions

  • 司普奇拜单抗的具体医保报销比例是多少?
  • 未来是否会推出适用于青少年的版本?

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This article was originally published by 中国新闻网.

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